重塑臺灣地緣政治角色：臺灣與尼加拉瓜農業技術合作過程中關於意識型態的辯證（1970～1980）

針對臺灣農業技術援外的歷史研究，目前多以1960年代在非洲的農耕隊為主要對象。本文將研究範圍擴大至1970年代的拉丁美洲，並以1979年桑定革命前後的尼加拉瓜為例，探討臺灣於1971年退出聯合國後，如何於後期冷戰架構下，透過農業技術合作，重塑自身在美洲地緣政治中的角色。相較於過往研究聚焦於農技援外的生產效率與受援國輿論觀感上，本文選擇從與農業實作相伴相生的意識型態切入，探問農業技術轉移時，如何觸及兩地在土地制度、勞動力安排、科學與技術運用、農民組織等面向上的差異。透過史料梳理，本文將1970～1980年間的臺灣－尼加拉瓜農業技術合作分為三階段：(1)呈現臺灣在合作初期如何調整自1960年代以來在非洲工作的模式；(2)接著描繪在1974～1979年間尼加拉瓜陷入政治危機時，臺灣外交與農技人員如何抽取臺灣土地改革經驗中最能貢獻於世界之處；(3)最後分析在1979年尼國政權轉移時，臺灣各層級外交官員如何透過人際及資訊網絡理解桑定政權樣貌，最終並採取維繫邦交，以就近觀察它是否將對中美洲鄰近國家輸出革命的決策。尼國政局變化或許為臺灣在中美洲的外交版圖增添變數，但也提供臺灣在中美洲新的地緣政治定位。

While most historical studies of Taiwan’s international agricultural technical cooperation focus on its African experiences in the 1960s, this article expands the scope of the research to the region of Latin America in the 1970s. The case of Nicaragua before and after the Sandinista Revolution in 1979 will be used to show how Taiwan reshaped its position in the geopolitics of the Americas through agricultural technical cooperation, especially after its withdrawal from the United Nations in 1971. Instead of focusing on agricultural productivity and the public perceptions in the aided countries, this paper views agricultural technical cooperation as a contested field where ideologies surrounding everyday agricultural practices compete and engage in dialogue with each other. Here, ideology refers to a package of ideas including land ownership, the arrangement of labor forces, science and technology, and peasant organization. Through archival research, this paper finds that there are three major periods of Taiwan-Nicaragua Agricultural Technical Cooperation between 1970 and 1980: (1) the initial period when Taiwan readjusted its modes of foreign aid in the 1960s; (2) the period of political crisis in Nicaragua (1974-1979), when Taiwan anchored its contributions to the world with its successful experiences of Agricultural Reform; (3) the transitional period of the Sandinista regime, when Taiwan mobilized all its interpersonal and informational networks in Central America to understand the Sandinista Revolution. In the end, Taiwan decided to establish a formal relationship with the Sandinista government while keeping an eye on whether it would export revolution to neighboring countries. The Sandinista Revolution may have increased uncertainty in Taiwan’s diplomatic relations in Central America, but it also enabled Taiwan to redefine its role in the region’s geopolitics.