戰爭、地緣政治與發展援助1960年代臺越「西貢加工出口區」案例

本文針對1960年代後期臺灣輸出加工出口經驗到越南的案例，運用臺灣及美國不同部門機構歷史檔案，嘗試從中華民國臺灣作為美國在冷戰時期國際援助的中介協力者角度出發，重新問題化和解析冷戰後期在退出聯合國之後，臺灣對外國際援助的項目、策略和模式的轉變，及突顯在此時期加工出口區作為經濟冷戰對抗擴散現象中的臺灣角色。
這個案例一方面強化了目前有關外援（美援）、地緣政治及解殖後國家建構之間緊密關聯的發展主義的討論，另一方面，也突顯了臺灣在缺乏聯合國國際組織架構支持，及美國允許有限參與下，仍然積極透過雙邊協定，形塑和推行「經貿外交」的初步發軔階段。這也突顯在東亞冷戰以及戰爭脈絡中，臺灣參與跨國援助的方式與內容，會因為自身發展的路徑及美國地緣戰略的考量，而顯現其獨特性。

This study examines the evolution of Taiwan’s programs, strategies, and modes of foreign assistance to Vietnam during the late 1960s Cold War period. Drawing on historical archives from various departments and agencies in Taiwan and the United States, it highlights Taiwan’s role as an intermediary in coordinating U.S. international aid to counter the spread of Communism in Asia and beyond, positioning Taiwan at the forefront of the economic Cold War. Export processing zones (EPZs) are emphasized as a key component of this containment strategy. This case sheds light on the complex relationship between foreign aid (particularly USAID), geopolitics, and post-colonial state-building, contributing to current literature on developmentalism. Taiwan’s early efforts in“economic and trade diplomacy”through bilateral agreements are also underscored, despite the lack of support from international organizations like the United Nations, and its limited involvement in the Vietnam War under U.S. direction. Finally, the analysis emphasizes that Taiwan’s participation in international aid was largely economically driven, shaped by its own development trajectory and U.S. geostrategic interests during the Cold War in Asia.