楊梅壢錫福宮三官信仰兩民俗活動之保存

Preservation of the Two Folk Rituals of Sanguang Dadyi Belief at Hsifu Temple in Yangmeili

清乾隆年間，諸協和墾團的客家先民於楊梅壢建立新鄉，透過集體意識選擇三官大帝為精神依託，並建立錫福宮祭祀圈。1999年聯合國教科文組織於「華盛頓會議」提出傳統民俗文化的護衛，奠定對民俗文化保存的新方向。我國依此於2016年再次修改文資法，亦將民俗納入無形文化資產（非物質文化遺產）保護項目之一。錫福宮歷經200多年發展，迄今仍維持「請伯公看戲」與「中元普度換香」兩民俗祭祀活動，成為楊梅壢深具特色的客家民俗文化。本研究企圖找出保存此二特色民俗的內容及方法。主要研究方法為田野參與式觀察、耆老訪談與史料文獻分析。本階段研究成果包括：1）藉錫福宮「請伯公看戲」與「中元普度換香」穩固其祭祀圈及影響；2）錫福宮三官信仰與「請伯公看戲」與「中元普度換香」存在相互依存關係；3）提出鏈結地方與外部資源的5項機制與建議，期能對保存楊梅壢錫福宮三官信仰起具體之效益。

During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, the Hakka settlers of Chu Hsieh Ho Group established a new township in Yangmeili (an old name for Yangmei District) and collectively consented to respect Sanguang Dadyi as their spiritual guidance to be worshiped at Hsifu Temple. In 1999, at UNESCO conference in Washington D.C., the meeting called for the preservation of traditional folk cultures and set new guidelines for protecting them. Thereafter, in 2016, Taiwanese legislature amended the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act again to include folklore as one of the important intangible cultural assets to be protected from extinction. Over two centuries of development, Hsifu Temple has maintained many folk rituals, such as“Inviting Bag-Gung to Watch Plays”and“Exchanging Incense Sticks at Ghost Festival”, which are deeply rooted features of Hakka folk culture. This study intends to provide means of preservation and transmission of the represented folk rituals in Yangmeili. Research methods comprise of literature review, field survey, and interview of the elderly. The findings at this stage are as follows: 1) Stabilizing the religious sphere and influence of Sanguan Dadyi Belief of Hsifu Temple via the marching routes of folk rituals“Inviting Bag-Gung to Watch Plays”and“Exchanging Incense Sticks at Ghost Festival”; 2) Identifying the interdependent relationships among the aforementioned rituals and Sanguang Dadyi Belief at Hsifu Temple; and 3) Proposing 5 concrete mechanisms and suggestions for linking local and external resources, in order to preserve the Sanguang Dadyi Belief at Hsifu Temple.