「自由閱讀」時代：1920、30年代中國的默讀運動與遊戲式說話課

A Time for ''Free Reading'': Silent Reading and the Rise of Game-based ''Speaking Lesson'' in Modern China, 1920s-1930s

朗讀到默讀的轉變是現代中國閱讀文化的核心，這個轉變塑造了新的文學美學形式、知識傳播方式和教育綱領，並刺激新的閱讀大眾及相應的閱讀方法。本論文關注20世紀20年代到30年代中國的默讀運動，討論「自由閱讀」的推廣實踐。自由閱讀方法鼓勵學童獨立閱讀，盡可能減少成人的協助，仰賴遊戲式教學法，特別是與「說話」訓練的結合。本研究涉及現代中國文學的聲音論述，並探討現代中國的語言文學教育，聚焦於書面文字如何被轉化為兒童遊戲的課堂場景。本文認為「自由閱讀」的教育目標透過20世紀30年代所推廣的「說話科」促成了朗讀法和現代默讀文化的結合。正是這種教育理念和實踐重新定義了現代閱讀以及師生關係，催生了一個嶄新獨立的年輕讀者群。

The transformation from reading aloud to silent reading is the core of modern China's reading culture. This transformation has shaped new forms of literary aesthetics, knowledge distribution, and school curricula, stimulating new reading masses and corresponding reading approaches. This paper focuses on the silent reading movement in China from 1920s to 1930s, discussing the promotion and practice of ''free reading.'' Free reading encourages independent reading among students, with minimal assistance from adults, and relies on game-based teaching methods, particularly in conjunction with ''speaking'' practices. The study explores the discourse surrounding the ''sound'' of modern Chinese literature and examines language and literary education in modern China, specifically how written texts are transformed into classroom scenes modeled after children's games. The paper argues that the goal of ''free reading'' was realized through the promotion of the ''speaking lesson'' in the 1930s, which facilitated the integration of reading aloud and modern silent reading culture. This educational concept and practice have redefined modern reading and the teacher-student relationship, giving rise to a new and independent young readership.