人、我、社會：《莊子》的應對策略

People,Myself, Society：The interaction strategies of Zhuangzi

歷來學者多認為《莊子》一書承《老子》後，繼承道家一貫的避世、消極態度，拒絕一切與人文世界有關的活動。然而，自《儒門內的莊子》一出，近代學者爭相討論《莊子》具有應世的人文思想。筆者梳理《莊子》中人與人的互動策略。其透過視角轉換、接納他異、虛其成心…等策略，以減少人與人互動過程中產生的衝突，筆者以《莊子》一書為脈絡，梳理其思想的積極性。文本中有許多「理念不合」的紛爭，《莊子》一書如何智慧地解決這些與他人的意見不同？著實耐人尋味。這樣的智慧提升至政治的高度，亦可見其「帝王觀」拒絕以德臨人的神聖暴力，本文試圖從《莊子》在社會及政治中游刃有餘的應對方式，破除《莊子》書中避世及消極的迷思，並且朗現其與人互動應對進退的現當代意義。

Previous scholars have always believed that Zhuangzi held a shy and passive attitude and tried to reject all activities related to the society. However, after Zhuangzi in the Confucianism published, modern scholars began to discuss whether Zhuangzi has the thought of adapting to the world? The author organizes the interaction strategies among people in Zhuangzi. Through changing the perspectives, embracing the difference, conceited and many more strategies, Zhuangzi tries to reduce the conflicts come from human interactions. By take Zhuangzi as the context, the author organizes the positivity of thought. There are many disputes about ''ideological differences'' in the text. It is really intriguing that how Zhuangzi wisely resolves these differences. Raising the wisdom to politics, ''the view of emperors'' in Zhuangzi also shows sacred violence that Zhuangzi refused to use virtue to approach people. In this article, the author tries to break the myth of escapism and negativity in Zhuangzi from the wise interaction strategies in society and politics in Zhuangzi