論孟子知言養氣下的「以辯行道」

Through nourishing the vast and identifying words explaining execute dao by using debate in Mencius

孟子乃繼孔子後的儒家代表人物，晚年時「退而與萬章之徒，敘《詩》、《書》，述仲尼之意，作《孟子》七篇。」而在是書中最不可忽視者乃其辯言。當吾人見此辯言必會產生以下疑問：孟子為何要辯？云何善辯？此是否為強詞奪理？抑或有其必須如此辯的原因？此原因能否歸結出孟子的核心理念？基於上述疑問，本文將查考其時代背景以知其必辯之因；析論知言養氣章而明其善辯之由；分析其四類辯言以彰其核心理念。就知言養氣章而言，本文將著重討論不動心、集義、養氣、知言等四者之關係，藉此歸結其善辯與不動心之勇的連結；以四類辯言而論，將由前段所敘善辯之因切入，進而說明其以辯行道主張，並著重解釋孟子對「道」的三項內涵，再由辯言證成此說。

Mencius, the representative of Confucianism after Confucius. In sunset, he“turn his ambition with Wan Zhang and other apprentices to recounted Shijing and Shangshu, also narrated Confucius’opinion, then wrote Mencius’.’’In this book, there are plenty of debate that we can’t ignore. when reading these words, we must be question about : Why did Mencius needed debate? What make him such eloquent? Are those debate lapsed into sophistry? Or it really have the reason make him must arguing like that? If it true, whether can we through the reason to result a core ideology about his debate? Based on these question, the article will firstly search Mencius’historical backgrounds for the reason he had to debate. Secondly, analyze Mencius 2A2(知言養氣章) to know the cause of his eloquent. Thirdly, dissect four-category of debate in order to manifest his core ideology. As far as Mencius 2A2,the article will focus on the relative of unperturbed mind (不動心)、accumulation of righteous deeds(集義)、nourishing the vast(養氣)、identifying words(知言), so as to find the link between his eloquent and the brave of unperturbed mind(不動心之勇).In respect of four-category debate, the text shall through the result of his eloquent, explaining the claim of execute dao by using debate(以辯行道), meanwhile put emphasis on three kind of meaning to dao(道) for Mencius, then through debate to prove this statement.