建構COVID-19疫苗快打站最適化之研究

Study on the Optimization of COVID-19 Vaccine Administration Stations

2019年12月嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎蔓延全球，罹病及死亡數屢創新高；已證實疫苗施打是最佳的防範策略，在艱困環境中，計算最佳安全成本（最少人力、最高施打量）前提下，運用離散事件模擬（Discrete Event Simulation，DES）規劃最佳人員配置方式，提供疫苗施打站的最佳效能。
透過觀察臺灣大學醫學院附設醫院雲林分院（以下簡稱專責醫院）的雲林縣體育館疫苗快打站，收集人力配置及現場流程初始發現：在看診醫師、施打護理師及掛號人員服務階段花費時間最長，擬利用DES模擬模型求解。
場景一以服務3,000人次/場及場景二以服務5,000人次/場之疫苗施打需求，求取疫苗快打站的最佳人力配置。以場景一求得最佳規劃人力為醫師8人、疫苗施打人力8人、掛號人力2人，由DES模擬程式可得平均每位民眾完成時間為21.12分；場景二求得最佳規劃人力為醫師8人、疫苗施打人力8人，掛號人力3人，DES模擬程式可得平均每位民眾完成時間為25.31分；以上兩情境列為最佳效益模型。COVID-19疫情至2023年1月造成6億6千萬人確診，死亡數達682萬人；「疫苗施打」已被證實為最佳預防罹病後重症的最佳良方；儘管台灣COVID-19第三劑疫苗覆蓋率已達76%，考量病毒株持續蛻變；衛生機關至今仍不敢鬆懈；今透過DES模型建構，提出3,000人次及5,000人次的服務模型，提供給衛生主管機關局處作為施政方針參考。

The December 2019 epidemic of the century, Severe Specific Infectious Pneumonia (COVID-19), has spread worldwide, with record numbers of illnesses and deaths, making it the greatest catastrophe in human history. The study aims to provide the best performance of the COVID-19 vaccine administration station with limited space and time for administration. Observation of vaccination kiosks in specialized hospitals from July to December 2021; collected: staffing and field flow diagrams of vaccination kiosks. Through observing the vaccine station at the Yunlin County Sports Center established by the affiliated hospital of the Medical College of National Taiwan University (hereinafter referred to as the dedicated hospital), initial findings regarding manpower allocation and on-site processes were gathered: It was discovered that the longest time is spent during the service phases of consulting physicians, administering nurses, and registration personnel. It is proposed to use DES simulation model for resolution.
Scenario 1 was based on a vaccine demand of 3,000 visits/site for the COVID-19 vaccine and Scenario 2 was based on a vaccine demand of 5,000 visits/site for the COVID-19 vaccine, with simultaneous consideration of the safety of the field workers, to find the optimal manpower allocation for the vaccine delivery station.
In Scenario 1, with 3,000 attendances, the optimal planning manpower was found to be 8 doctors, 8 vaccine administrators and 2 registration workers, with an average completion time of 21.12 minutes per person. In both scenarios, the vaccine was administered within 8 hours of the day as scheduled. The best efficiency model can be found in terms of registration time, consultation time, administration time and overall completion time.The COVID-19 epidemic has affected the entire world, with 660 million confirmed cases and 6.82 million deaths by January 2023, and vaccination has been proven to be the best way to prevent serious illness after the disease. In view of the continuous change of the virus strain, the health authorities still dare not relax; through the DES model construction, the service models of 3,000 and 5,000 people are proposed to the health authorities as a reference for their policy direction.