「捨不得」和「不捨得」對比分析與教學建議

Comparative analysis of ''Shebude'' and ''Bu Shede'' and teaching suggestions

「捨不得」和「不捨得」的結構只有細微不同，展現在「不」和「捨」的順序調換。前人研究認為「捨不得」和「不捨得」是「捨得」同等的否定式或同素逆序詞（李思旭2021；李琳2021），兩者意義和功能等同。基於功能語法的觀點，「捨不得」和「不捨得」的同等對應情況或許還有討論空間。本文基於前人對「捨不得」和「不捨得」是「捨得」進行更深入的語義、句法、語用對比分析，目的為清楚區分二者差異，希望對日後進行相關研究人員提供有價值的參考，以及針對「捨不得」和「不捨得」的對比分析結果，提出以英語母語者為教學對象的教學建議。本文以認知功能對比分析法，結合語料庫進行深入分析，發現「捨不得」和「不捨得」的語義基本相同，其主要差異體現在句法和語用方面。本文以英語母語者為對象，根據標記性理論、語法難易度原則、以學習者為導向原則，給予面向英語母語者的「捨不得」、「不捨得」教學建議。其教學順序為「捨得」>「捨不得」>「不捨得」，分為四個階段，「捨不得」的教學最仔細，最後比較「不捨得」句法和語用差異。

The structures of ''Shebude'' and ''Bu Shede'' exhibit only subtle differences. The reversal is between‘Bu’and“She’. Previous studies have posited that ''Shebude'' and ''Bu Shede'' are equivalent negations or antonymic reversals of ''Shede,'' with similar meanings and functions (Li, 2021; Li 2021). From the perspective of functional grammar, there may be room for discussion on the equivalence of ''Shebude'' and ''Bu Shede.'' This article presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of semantics, syntax, and pragmatics to help learners use ''Shede'' and ''Bu Shede'' more effectively and accurately. It builds on previous research that views ''Shebude'' and ''Bu Shede'' as negations or homologous inversions of“Shede,”aiming to clarify their distinctions and provide valuable insights for future researchers. Based on a cognitive-functional contrastive analysis combined with corpus analysis, the study found that the meanings of ''Shebude'' and ''Bu Shede'' are essentially the same, with primary differences manifested in syntax and pragmatics. This paper targets Chinese learners who are English native speakers and offers teaching recommendations for ''Shebude'' and ''Bu Shede'' based on the theory of iconicity, grammatical difficulty, and learner orientation. The proposed teaching sequence is structured into four stages: '' Shede '' > '' Shebude'' > '' Bu Shede,'' > Comparison, with detailed instruction on ''Shebude'' and a final comparison of the syntactic and pragmatic differences of ''Bu Shede.''