中學專任運動教練感知工作要求與離業傾向之關係：工作要求──資源模式理論視角

The relationship between perceived task demands and intention to leave the profession among full-time secondary school sport coaches: A perspective of job demands-resources model

緒論：依據工作要求──資源模式，本研究旨在探討中學專任運動教練情緒耗竭對感知工作要求和離業傾向的中介效果，以及心理抽離對感知工作要求和情緒耗竭的調節效果，並應用調節式中介來驗證變項間的關係。方法：以中學專任運動教練作為對象進行研究，以立意抽樣方式進行問卷調查，共發放300份問卷，總計回收270份有效問卷（有效問卷填答率為90%）。接著，使用描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關、階層迴歸、PROCESS模組分析對假設進行驗證。結果：運動教練的感知工作要求會透過情緒耗竭之中介角色影響其離業傾向（p < .001）。此外，心理抽離對感知工作要求和情緒耗竭之間的關係有調節作用（p < .001）。當運動教練擁有較高的心理抽離狀態時，可以減緩感知工作要求和情緒耗竭之間的關聯性（p < .05）。相反的，當運動教練的心理抽離狀態較低時，則會增強這兩者之間的關係（p < .001）。此外，心理抽離狀態還可以調節感知工作要求、情緒耗竭和離業傾向之間的中介關係（p < .05）。當運動教練的心理抽離狀態較高時，上述中介作用不成立；相反的，當運動教練之心理抽離狀態較低時，則上述中介作用成立。結論：本研究驗證感知工作要求、情緒耗竭、心理抽離與離業傾向的調節式中介關係成立。研究成果除可豐實工作要求─資源模式外，於運動教練專業人力資源的實務應用上亦能有所貢獻。

Introduction: Based on the Job Demands-Resources model, this study explored the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion on the relationship between perceived job demands and the intention to leave the profession of full-time secondary school sports coaches. The moderating effect of psychological detachment on the relationship between perceived job demands and emotional exhaustion was also examined. Finally, we adopted moderated mediation to analyze the relationships between these variables. Methods: The study participants were full-time secondary school sports coaches. Purposive sampling was used to select participants to answer a questionnaire. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 270 valid questionnaires were collected (with an effective response rate of 90%). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, hierarchical regression, and PROCESS analyses were used to validate the hypotheses. Results: Perceived job demands positively affected the intention to leave the profession via the mediator of emotional exhaustion (p < .001). In addition, psychological detachment moderated the relationship between perceived job demands and emotional exhaustion in sports coaches (p < .001). When sports coaches had better psychological detachment, the relationship between perceived job demands and emotional exhaustion was lower (p < .05); conversely, when sports coaches had lower psychological detachment, the relationship was stronger (p < .001). In addition, psychological detachment also moderated the mediating relationships between perceived job demands, emotional exhaustion, and intention to leave the profession (p < .05). When sports coaches demonstrated better psychological detachment, the above-mentioned mediating effect of emotional exhaustion did not exist; conversely, when sports coaches had lower psychological detachment, the mediating effect was present. Conclusion: This study validated the relationships of the moderated mediation model between perceived job demands, emotional exhaustion, psychological detachment, and intention to leave the profession. In addition to enriching the Job Demands-Resources model, the results of this study can also contribute to the practical application of human resources in the sports coaching profession.