不同競賽成績跆拳道選手賽場疲勞及恢復能力比較

Comparison of fatigue and recoverability between different competition results of Taekwondo athletes during competition

緒論：神經肌肉疲勞引發力量衰竭會阻礙選手的競賽表現，且不同競賽成績水準運動員的恢復速率可能存在差異。本研究比較全國中等學校運動會獲得冠軍與未獲得前三名選手賽後疲勞程度與恢復能力之差異，用以推論跆拳道選手賽場疲勞及恢復能力之評估指標。方法：將9位獲得全國中等學校運動會冠軍選手列為優秀組，15位未獲前三名選手（但須獲勝二場）列為一般組。於每一場賽前及賽後進行反向跳（counter movement jump, CMJ）及四分之一蹲舉動作自發性等長收縮力（maximum volunteer isometric contraction, MVIC）檢測，並計算出跳躍高度（jump height, JH）、50毫秒發力率（50ms RFD）、100毫秒發力率（100ms RFD）、最大發力率（max RFD）。以相依樣本t檢定考驗組內疲勞狀態及恢復能力之差異，以獨立樣本t檢定比較組間疲勞狀態及恢復能力百分比之差異，顯著水準定為α= .05。結果：一般組第一場賽後的50ms RFD、100ms RFD及max RFD顯著低於第一場賽前的水準（p < .05）；優秀組無顯著的疲勞狀態（p > .05）。一般組及優秀組第二場賽前的JH均顯著低於第一場賽前（p < .05）。組間比較部分，一般組賽後疲勞所反應出的50ms RFD及100ms RFD能力下降百分比顯著高於優秀組（p < .05）；但組間恢復能力之百分比無顯著差異（p >.05）。結論：一般組選手於第一場賽後有明顯的疲勞使50ms RFD、100ms RFD及max RFD顯著下降，且一般組第一場賽後50ms RFD及100ms RFD的衰退百分比顯著高於優秀組。無論是一般組或優秀組，第二場賽前CMJ的JH無法恢復到第一場賽前的水準。推論50ms RFD及100ms RFD可做為跆拳道選手疲勞判定及是否具備競賽優勢的評估指標；而CMJ的JH可能是跆拳道選手恢復能力的評估指標。

Introduction: The recoverability of athletes at different performance levels may be dissimilar. This study aimed to compare differences in fatigue level and recovery ability between champions and those who did not make it to the top three in the taekwondo category of the National High School Games. Methods: Nine champions were assigned to the excellent group (EXG) and 15 athletes who did not make it to the top three were assigned to the general group (GEG). Before and after the match, countermovement jump (CMJ) and maximum voluntary isometric contraction were evaluated. The selected parameters were jump height, 50ms, 100ms and maximal rate of force development (50ms, 100ms and maximal RFD). The differences in fatigue and recoverability between groups were examined with paired sample t-tests; independent sample t-tests were used to compare differences in percentage change in fatigue and recoverability between groups. Results: The 50ms RFD, 100ms RFD, and maximal RFD after the first match of the GEG were significantly lower than their levels before the first match (p < .05), while the group did not show significant fatigue (p >.05). The jump height of both the GEG and the EXG was significantly lower than that at pre-match (p < .05). The GEG showed significantly higher percentage reductions in 50ms RFD and 100ms RFD than the EXG (p < .05). However, the percentage change in recoverability did not differ significantly between the groups (p >.05). Conclusions: The 50ms RFD, 100ms RFD, and max RFD of the GEG were significantly reduced after the first match, indicating the group’s evident fatigue level. Percentage reductions in 50ms RFD and 100ms RFD after the first match were significantly higher in the GEG than in the EXG. Both groups’CMJ height before the second match did not return to the same level as that before the first match. This study suggests that 50ms RFD and 100ms RFD can be used as an evaluation index for taekwondo athletes to determine their degree of fatigue and whether they have a competitive advantage. CMJ height may be an indicator of recoverability of taekwondo athletes.