法律人工智能新範式：封閉與開放的二元兼容

符號主義與聯結主義兩種經典人工智能範式；以及由此形成的基於規則和基於數據的法律推理模型；對應於規範封閉與認知開放這一古老的法理學命題。符號主義強調規範的封閉；聯結主義強調認知的開放；兩條路徑代表了兩種迥異的技術範式；在其背後潛藏著深刻的哲學思想差異；並導向兩種完全不同的法律發展模式。法律人工智能的封閉與開放；因此涵蓋了一系列重要的二元論法理學命題。可以圍繞這組二元概念；在形式理性法和實質理性法的思想傳統中；借助系統論法學的概念工具；重構人工智能法學的核心理論命題。大數據智能技術的單向驅動；將在法律的社會、時間和事實面向引發深刻的法律變異。這要求從法律的功能、領域、過程和結構層面；重新定位法律人工智能的三種演化類型。應當從規範封閉與認知開放的二元兼容視角；發展更為複雜的法律理論；以此設計法律人工智能的發展路線圖；引導數字時代智能法律的良性發展。

Symbolism and connectionism are two classic paradigms of artificial intelligence, leading to rule-based and data-based legal reasoning models, respectively. These models correspond to the age-old jurisprudential proposition of normative closure and cognitive openness. Symbolism emphasizes the closure of norms, while connectionism focuses on the openness of cognition. These two paths represent distinct technological paradigms, underpinned by deep philosophical differences, leading to two entirely different legal development models. Thus, the openness and closure of legal AI encompass a range of important dualistic jurisprudential propositions. Around this dual concept, within the intellectual traditions of formal rational law and substantive rational law, using the conceptual tools of systems theory jurisprudence, the core theoretical propositions of AI in law can be reconstructed. The unilateral drive of big data intelligence technology will provoke profound legal mutations across the social, temporal, and factual dimensions of law. This demands a reevaluation of the functions, domains, processes, and structures of legal AI, defining three types of evolutionary paths. From the dual perspective of normative closure and cognitive openness, more complex legal theories should be developed to design the developmental roadmap for legal AI, guiding the healthy evolution of intelligent law in the digital age.