圓柱型鋰電池芯過熱條件之失控產氣量與熱焓計算

Estimation of Gas Production and Enthalpy in Case of Overheating Conditions for a Runaway Cylindrical LIB

可重複充電之高效能鋰離子電池（Li-ion Battery, LIB，簡稱鋰電池）具有高能量密度、長效循環充電等特性，其廣泛使用在生活或工業用途上，如3C電子產品、家電產品、大型電動車等。然因模組瑕疵、穿刺、短路等異常之電化學作用而可能造成使用安全疑慮，更可能引起應用於大型儲能系統之運作燃爆風險。
本研究以美國A123公司之磷酸鋰鐵電池芯與日本Panasonic公司之鎳鈷錳酸鋰電池芯兩種不同正極材料之圓柱型鋰電池作為實驗比較樣品，以改良之絕熱卡計搭配直流穩壓式電源供應器測試鋰電池之過熱短路模式造成熱失控反應，而NCM LIB於166℃發生熱失控反應，但LFP LIB並無明顯失控反應，再取得兩者熱失控實驗之熱物性參數，以計算鋰電池熱焓值與能量釋放模式，另使用乾式氣體流量計測量鋰電池失控後之產氣量，以提供其放熱危害與釋壓安全設計之用。

Rechargeable high-efficiency lithium-ion battery (LIB) has major characteristics of high energy density and long charge-cycle life. It is widely used in daily life or industrial applications, such as 3C electronic products, home appliances, electric vehicles, etc. However, it may cause some safety concerns due to module defects, punctures, short circuits, and other abnormal electrochemical reactions for a LIB. Furthermore, it may also cause operationalfire or explosive risks for large-scale energy storage systems (ESS).
The A123 lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) and the Panasonic lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2, NCM) cells were selected as experimental samples. Use a modified adiabatic calorimeter with an adjustable DC power supply to test their thermal runaway data caused by the overheating mode that NCN LIB has a runaway reaction at 166℃, but LFP LIB did not cause a runaway reaction. Then, evaluate the thermophysical parameters in an adiabatic surrounding that can calculate a LIB’s enthalpy and energy release mode. Furthermore, a dry gas flow meter measures the amount of gas production after LIB thermal runaway that can provide battery heat release hazard and relief safety design.