從自由主義國際法到威權主義國際法——美國意識形態國際法學說之批判

From Liberal International Law to Authoritarian International Law: A Criticism of the U.S. Ideological International Law Theories

近年來，鑒於實力的相對下降，美國企圖通過炮製“威權”與“民主”話語，召開“民主峰會”，增強意識形態在美國對外關係中的作用。美國國際法研究中出現的從自由主義國際法向威權主義國際法的發展體現與呼應了美國對外關係中意識形態的變遷。剖析自由主義國際法與威權主義國際法的前提性認識與論證過程存在的缺陷，揭示這些學說的政治實質，有助於批判、認識美國對外關係中的意識形態特徵與實質。

In recent years, in view of the relative decline of hard power, the United States has attempted to enhance the role of ideology in U.S. foreign relations by concocting the discourse of“Authoritarianism”and“Democracy”and convening a so-called“Democracy Summit”. The development from liberal international law to authoritarian international law has emerged in the study of American international law, reflecting and echoing the ideological changes in U.S. foreign relations. Analyzing the defects in the premise and in the process of argumentation from liberal international law to authoritarian international law, as well as revealing their political essence, will help to criticize and understand the ideological characteristics and essence of US foreign relations.