論受眾預期與司法裁判的契合度不足及實踐應對

On the Inadequate Compatibility between Audience Expectations and Judicial Judgments and the Countermeasures

新修辭學的受眾理論表明，司法裁判是一種受約束的理性論證過程，裁判者要考慮受眾的預期並反過來修正自己的說理論證，增強裁判可接受性。實踐中，受眾預期和司法裁判結果之間存在契合度不足現象，因而對司法裁判可能形成微觀與宏觀的諸多影響，既在個案裁判中直接影響當事人的訴訟策略及公眾對案件的評判，乃至影響法官的考核，也在宏觀上影響法治社會中公眾對司法活動的整體評價。基於對受眾預期的重視，法官在完成司法審判活動及作出裁判的過程中，不僅要預測性地思考如何說服案件當事人，還要考慮如何讓判決結果儘量為其他旁觀者理解和接受，在法律制度既定的情況下基於司法活動本質要求探索前瞻性應對機制。

The audience theory shows that judicial adjudication is a constrained rational demonstration process, the referee should consider the expectations of the audience and modify his reasoning and argumentation in turn to enhance the acceptability of the judgment. In practice, there is a phenomenon of insufficient alignment between audience expectations and judicial rulings, which not only directly affects the litigant􀆶s strategy and the public􀆶s judgment on the case, but also affects the judge􀆶s assessment, and, also affects the overall evaluation of judicial activities by the public in a rule of law society at a macro level. In the process of completing the judicial trial activities and making the judgment results, the judge should not only think about how to persuade the litigants, but also consider how to make the judgment results understood and accepted by other bystanders as much as possible, and explore forward-looking response mechanisms based on the essential requirements of judicial activities under the established legal system.