訴訟證據屬性的中國表達

The Chinese Expressions on the Attributes of Evidence in Proceedings

我國對訴訟證據屬性的表達有三性說、兩力說、可採性與關聯性說等觀點。在對我國本土三性說的質疑中，兩力說是最有代表性的觀點。然而，兩力說來源於大陸法系國家的說法並不準確，國內外對證據能力內涵的界定存在較大分歧。三性說在我國數十年的理論爭鳴中形成，對訴訟證據合法性的闡釋不夠科學，對訴訟證據關聯性的界定過於狹隘，其思維方式未能體現審查訴訟證據的基本規律。鑒於兩力說同三性說的內涵和面臨的困境基本相同，我國對訴訟證據屬性的表達應堅持和發展經受住了實踐檢驗的具有鮮明中國特色的三性說。

Nowadays, the expressions of evidence's attributes in proceedings in China include the ''three attributes theory'', the theory of evidence competence and probative force, and the theory of admissibility and relevance. Among the critiques on the ''three attributes theory'' in China, the theory of evidence competence and probative force is the most representative position. Nevertheless, the view that the theory of evidence competence and probative force originated from civil law countries is inaccurate. Besides, there are controversies on the definition of evidence competence in both domestic and overseas academia. The ''three attributes theory'' formed through decades of theoretical debates in China has deficiencies, such as not interpreting the ''legitimacy'' of evidence enough scientifically, narrowing the definition of ''relevance'', and failing to reflect the review process of evidence in proceedings. However, considering the fact that the theory of evidence competence and probative force basically shares similar meanings and difficulties with the ''three attributes theory'', China's expression on the attributes of evidence in proceedings should adhere to and develop the ''three attributes theory'' because the theory with distinct local characteristics has withstood the challenges of practice.