現代司法視閾下韋伯整體理性觀的反思與重塑

Reflection and Reshaping of Weber's Holistic Rationality from the Perspective of Modern Justice

在中國學者看來，韋伯關於司法理性化的研究在實踐和理論兩個向度上都是可質疑的。在實踐向度上，現代司法不是韋伯所說的純粹的形式理性司法；在理論向度上，韋伯的整體理性觀在根本上受限於其“自我指涉”的困境，這使得韋伯的特定理性類型不能表現出其整體理性觀的內在統一性。基於對中美兩國現代司法實踐的分析，韋伯的特定理性類型不能展現和解釋現代司法中多元理性共存的格局。“中庸理性”提供了一種不同於西方知識傳統的、整體式的、能夠有效整合與重塑韋伯整體理性觀的“二階觀察”框架。基於“中庸理性”，韋伯的形式理性、實質理性和實用理性概念在現代司法視閾下可以得到重塑和展開。

In the view of Chinese scholars, Weber's research on judicial rationalization can be questioned in both practical and theoretical aspects. Based on Weber's holistic rationality, the fundamental problem of the concept of ''rationality'' lies in the dilemma of'' self－reference'', which makes Weber's specific concept of rationality unable to show the internal unity of his holistic rationality. Based on the analysis of modern judicial practice in China and the United States, Weber's concept of specific rationality cannot show and explain the pattern of coexistence of pluralistic rationality in modern justice. ''the Golden Mean Rationality'' provides an integral ''Second－Order Observation'' framework which is different from the Western knowledge tradition and can effectively utilize and remold Weber's rationalities. Based on the interpretation of ''the Golden Mean Rationality'', the formal rationality, substantive rationality and practical rationality can be reorganized and unfolded in the visual threshold of modern justice.