技藝和程序：刑法修正的檢視——《刑法修正案（十二）》新增民企工作人員犯罪條款的展開

Techniques and Procedures: A Review of Criminal Law Amendments－Beginning with the Addition of Criminal Provisions for Private Enterprise Staffs

《刑法修正案（十二）》將“國有公司、企業”等相關人員的規定適用於民營企業工作人員，需要根據平等原則進行必要的限縮解釋。對於民營企業的平等保護應當側重權利平等，而非單純的義務平等，國家工作人員和民營企業工作人員所實施的相關行為在法益侵害性和人身危險性上存在差異，不應給予同等的刑法評價。《刑法修正案（十二）》新增關涉民營企業工作人員的犯罪條款是一種背信犯罪，但在刑法中不宜規定普通的背信罪，避免其成為口袋罪。如果一定要增加民營企業的背信犯罪，也應該放置於侵犯財產罪中，將其嚴格限定為侵犯財產權的犯罪。對於此類背信犯罪，如果得到股東事前承諾或事後追認，就可否定行為的犯罪性。新增的背信條款應當和公司法等前置法保持協調，避免刑法過度侵擾民商事領域。刑法修正是否還應該沿用以往的修訂模式，應當慎重評估。

The provisions of the draft of the Criminal Law Amendment (12) on ''state－owned companies, enterprises'' and other relevant personnel apply to the staff of private enterprises without discrimination, contrary to the principle of equality. The equal protection of private enterprises should focus on equality of rights rather than simple equality of obligations, and the relevant acts carried out by state functionaries and private enterprise staff should not be given the same criminal punishment evaluation if there are differences in legal infringement and personal danger. The new criminal provisions related to the staff of private enterprises in the draft are a crime of breach of trust, but it is not appropriate to stipulate ordinary crimes of breach of trust in the criminal law to avoid them becoming pocket crimes. If the crime of breach of trust by private enterprises must be increased, it should also be placed in the crime of property infringement, and it should be strictly limited to the crime of violating property rights. Such a breach of trust offence can negate the criminality of the act if it is promised in advance or acknowledged by the shareholders afterwards. The newly added breach of trust clause should be coordinated with the Company Law and other previous laws to avoid excessive interference by criminal law in the civil and commercial fields. Whether the draft of the Criminal Law Amendment should continue the previous revision model should be carefully assessed.