司法專門化視域下涉碳案件集中管轄研究

Research on the Centralized Jurisdiction of Carbon－related Cases from the Perspective of Judicial Specialization

集中管轄不同於專屬管轄或指定管轄，而是一定時期內為了優化司法資源配置、完善法律統一適用而對某些類型案件採取的靈活機動的管理規則。在司法實踐中，集中管轄既有制度優勢，也有待優化的問題。環境司法專門化的實質就是集中管轄，而涉碳司法專門化則在一定程度上超越了環境司法專門化，具有高度的必要性與可行性。通過整合現有專門化環境資源審判機構，推進審判隊伍專門化，探索實行涉碳案件刑事、民事、行政案件“三合一”集中管轄基礎上試行涉碳執行案件統一集中管轄的“四合一”模式，最終由生態環境保護法院集中管轄涉碳案件，成為引領涉碳案件集中管轄制度優化的中國方案。

Centralized jurisdiction is different from exclusive jurisdiction or designated jurisdiction, it is a flexible management rule for some types of cases in order to optimize the allocation of judicial resources and improve the unified application of laws in a certain period of time. In judicial practice, centralized jurisdiction has both institutional advantages and also needs to be optimized. The essence of the environmental judicial specialization is the centralized jurisdiction, while the carbon－related judicial specialization surpasses the environmental judicial specialization to a certain extent, which is highly necessary and feasible. By integrating the existing specialized environment resources judicial institutions, promote the trial team specialization, explore for carbon cases criminal, civil and administrative cases ''triad'' centralized jurisdiction on carbon execution on the jurisdiction of unified ''four'' mode, eventually by the jurisdiction of the ecological environment protection court on carbon cases, become the lead on carbon case centralized jurisdiction system optimization of China.