包容審慎監管的行政法理與中國實踐

包容審慎監管是當前我國面對新經濟業態發展提出的規制創新策略，具有極為深遠的行政法治意義。面對科技發展與新經濟業態的不確定性，包容審慎監管理念標誌著現代行政法治的動態反思與演化趨勢。從傳統的規制理論角度觀察，包容審慎監管的運行背後映射出回應性規制的執法策略、合作規制的運行範式以及規制試驗主義的演進邏輯。包容審慎帶有實質法治色彩的規制設計理念，有效運行不僅需要較為成熟的行政法治框架予以支撐，更需要現代行政國家的基礎設施與行政能力予以輔助。在中國特色“發展型國家”的邏輯支配下，包容審慎監管的地方實踐運行，往往較難實現包容與審慎之間的價值平衡，引發了一系列的監管困境與本土難題。包容審慎監管的中國圖景也為理解規制與發展之間的二元關係提供了鮮活的制度樣本。

As a regulatory innovation strategy proposed by China for the development of new business models, inclusive and prudential regulation is profoundly significant to the rule of law in public administration. Challenged by the uncertainty of technological development and new business models, the concept of inclusive and prudential regulation indicates a dynamic reflection and evolution of modern administrative rule of law. From the perspective of regulatory theory, the operation of inclusive and prudential regulation reflects the enforcement strategy of responsive regulation, the operating paradigm of cooperative regulation and the evolutionary dynamics of regulatory experimentation. The regulatory design of inclusiveness and prudence with a substantive rule of law feature requires a relatively mature administrative legal framework and the institutional infrastructure and administrative capacity of modern administrative state for its effective operation. It is worth noting that a balance between inclusiveness and prudence is often difficult to achieve in the local practice of inclusive and prudential regulation by the logic of“developmental state”with Chinese characteristics. It has caused a series of regulatory dilemmas and local difficulties, calling for an administrative legal solution. The Chinese experience of inclusive and prudential regulation also provides an institutional illustration for understanding the binary relationship between regulation and economic development.