我們需要怎樣的專門法院

專門法院順應司法專業化的發展趨勢而出現，並受到區域治理政策目標的深刻影響，這些因素決定了其內生性地存在司法“偏狹”的可能。因此，設立專門法院應當保持謙抑與克制。2018年《法院組織法》第15條第1款列舉的專門法院類型，是幾經立法變遷和現實調整後，根據國家發展戰略和專業審判需要而確立的，基本符合專門法院的內涵與特徵，不宜任意作擴大解釋。建構我國的專門法院制度，應當堅持法院法定這一憲法原則，確保專門法院在憲法秩序內生長和運行，同時亦需明確專門法院管轄權的性質，使其與普通法院管轄權在立法上得以區隔，並通過設立綜合性專門上訴法院，最終實現在專業審判領域的裁判標準統一以及專門法院組織的適度體系化。

Specialized courts have emerged in response to the trend of judicial specialization and are deeply influenced by regional governance policy objective. These factors determine the possibility of judicial bias inherent in it. Therefore, the establishment of specialized courts requires humility and restraint. The type of specialized court specified in Article 15 (1) of the 2018 Court Organization Law is established after several legislative changes and practical adjustments, in accordance with national development strategies and professional trial needs. It conforms to the connotation and characteristics of specialized courts and should not be arbitrarily expanded. To develop specialized court system in China, we should adhere to the constitutional principle of court legality and ensure the growth and operation of specialized courts within the constitutional order. At the same time, it is also necessary to clarify the nature of the jurisdiction of specialized courts so that it can be differentiated from the jurisdiction of ordinary courts in legislation. By establishing a comprehensive and specialized appellate court, we can ultimately achieve the unity of judgment standards in the field of professional trials and the moderate systematization of specialized court organizations.