論越權代表中相對人的合理審查義務，以《合同編解釋》第20條為中心

在法定代表人越權代表的情形下，如果相對人為善意，則法人、非法人組織應當承受越權代表行為的法律效果。判斷善意的一個重要標準，是相對人是否盡到了合理審查義務。對此，我國民事立法經歷了效力審查、賦權性審查、形式審查及合理審查四個階段。《合同編解釋》確立的合理審查義務，有助於促進相互合作，推動公司治理結構的完善。合理審查的核心在於確定相對人是否知曉或應當知曉法定代表人在代表權限範圍內行為。判斷合理審查義務的標準，要考察審查義務的法定性、審查對象的公開性、審查程度的合理性、審查方式的效率性。合理審查需要區分代表權法定限制與意定限制，從而確定不同的審查內容。在未盡到合理審查義務時，相對人不滿足善意要件，該越權代表的效力不應當由法人、非法人組織承受。在法定代表人超越授權而相對人盡到合理審查義務仍無法知曉時，有關越權代表的效力應當由法人、非法人組織承受。

In cases where a legal representative acts as an ultra vires representative, if the counterparty is in good faith, the legal person or unincorporated organization shall bear the legal effects of the acts of ultra vires the representative. However, an important criterion for determining good faith is whether the counterparty has fulfilled its duty of reasonable review. In China, civil legislation on the level of the duty of review has gone through four stages: effectiveness scrutiny, empowerment scrutiny, formal scrutiny, and reasonable scrutiny. The duty of reasonable review established by the“Interpretation of Contract Book of Civil Code”can benefit the cooperation of contracting parties and the improvement of corporate governance structures. The essence of the duty of reasonable review asks whether the counterparty knew or should have known about the legal representative's actions within the scope of their representative authority. The standard for the duty of reasonable review is determined by the statutory nature of the duty of review, the accessibility of the subject of review, the reasonableness of the level of review, and the efficiency of the method of review. It is necessary to distinguish between statutory restrictions and agreed-upon restrictions on the scope of representation, so as to determine different review contents. If the duty of reasonable review is not fulfilled, the counterparty does not meet the requirements of good faith, and therefore the effect of the ultra vires act shall not be borne by the legal person or unincorporated organization. When the legal representative exceeds his authority and the counterparty is unable to know despite its performance of the duty of reasonable review, the effect of the ultra vires act shall be borne by the legal person or unincorporated organization.