憲法的原旨解釋及其中國路徑

作為合憲性審查中的關鍵環節，憲法解釋既需要從程序方面進行規範，更需要從內容方面進行規範。原旨主義作為一種追尋憲法原意、限制解釋裁量空間的解釋方法，與我國在法律解釋中注重符合立法原意的傳統具有一定的適配性。基於維護中國憲法規範穩定性、增強憲法解釋統一性和促進憲法學自主性等原因，也有必要在憲法解釋中將其作為解釋方法之一進行引入，探索和發展中國的原旨解釋路徑。未來的憲法解釋、合憲性審查以及其他國家機關進行憲法判斷時，需將探求憲法原意作為憲法解釋的重要環節，特別是在合憲性審查的語境下用於探尋憲法規定、憲法原則和憲法精神的含義；除憲法文本外，憲法序言和制憲修憲曆史文獻材料是探究憲法原旨的主要淵源。

Constitutional interpretation, a critical element in constitutional review mechanism, requires both procedural and substantive regulation. Originalism, an interpretative approach aimed at discerning and understanding a constitution’s original meaning and limiting interpretative discretion, aligns with China’s traditional focus on legislative intent in legal interpretation. Given the necessity to preserve the stability of China’s constitutional norms, standardize constitutional interpretation, and foster China’s own constitutional jurisprudence, adopting originalism as one of the interpretative methods is essential. This approach involves exploring and cultivating a unique path for originalist interpretation in China. In future constitutional practices, seeking the original meaning of the constitution should be recognized as a vital facet of constitutional interpretation. This is crucial for clarifying the significance of constitutional provisions, principles and ethos. For uncovering the original meaning of the Chinese Constitution, primary sources should not only include the constitutional text but also the Preamble and historical documents pertaining to the Constitution’s making and amending.