英文摘要 |
本稿では、国交正常化によって台湾をめぐる米中関係がどう変化したのかを日米両政府の史料を手がかりに再検討する。具体的には、米国の台湾向け武器売却をめぐる米中交渉に焦点を当てる。 米政府にとって台湾関係法は中国が台湾を武力で統一することを阻止するために不可欠な抑止装置であり、それゆえに中国政府にとって同法はなんとしても廃絶させるべき法律であった。中国は、交流を完全な非政府間関係に限定する「日本方式」での米台断交を要求したが、日本や韓国などアジアの同盟国に対する信頼性や主導力を維持するために、米華相互防衛条約破棄後も米国が台湾の安全保障を保証し続けることは不可欠であった。 米中両国は1980年代初頭、互いに自国の立場に対する相手の譲歩を期待して台湾問題の交渉にのぞんだが、1982年の8・17コミュニケをへて両国ともそうした期待を放棄するに至った。 This article addresses how the U.S.-China relations over Taiwan issues has changed since the establishment of normal diplomatic relations in 1979 by multi archival approach. To analyze this theme, this article focuses on the negotiation on arms sales to Taiwan based on Taiwan Relations Act of the U.S. between the U.S. and China in the beginning of the 1980s. From the standpoint of the U.S., the Taiwan Relations Act, which was instituted after the U.S.-China diplomatic normalization, has been a deterrent to discourage China’s reunification of Taiwan by force. Therefore, China has advocated repeal of the Taiwan Relations Act all the more for Chinese sovereignty. China insisted on a model of complete non-governmental interaction, akin to the“Japanese approach,”in demanding the termination of diplomatic relations between the United States and Taiwan. However, to uphold credibility and leadership among Asian allies such as Japan and South Korea, it remained imperative for the United States to ensure the security of Taiwan even after the abrogation of the U.S.-Taiwan Mutual Defense Treaty. In conclusion, the U.S. and China both expected a concession from the other in the early 1980s, at first, only to unlearn the expectation on the occasion of the bilateral agreement on August 17th, 1982. |