迷女的女迷：女性運動迷的認同與經驗形塑

The identity formation of female sports fans and their sports fandom in women’s sports

緒論：本研究將聚焦於觀看女子運動賽事的女性運動迷，藉由參與動機、參與經驗及運動迷認同的形塑與性別互動等層面，重新理解不同運動場域及脈絡之下的女運動迷經驗型塑。方法：本研究採取質性研究方法，並邀集20位觀看女子籃球與排球運動賽事之運動迷進行個別訪談。結果：研究結果分為三主軸呈現：首先，「化身為迷」：迷的歷程說明運動團隊的參與和訓練經驗、媒體、同儕團體等女性運動迷投入的初始動機，及迷經驗的累積與延續；再者，「像迷那樣行動」：迷行為與互動則陳述因其個人經驗、人際網絡及至於生活不同層面的連結，而帶出不同的迷行為樣態，並以規律的參與賽事、與球員及其他球迷建立實體或虛擬的互動等方式展現自身的迷認同：最後，「迷女的迷妹」：性別化的迷行為展現則呈現女性運動迷處於單一性別的環境中，較無需面對男性及陽剛的挑戰與質疑，但女性運動迷依舊隱約的陳述對於「迷妹」的污名想像，以及區辨他我的強烈態度，同時，也有女性運動迷採取擁抱「迷妹」特質的態度，並且嘗試以自身經驗解釋迷的實踐。結論：女性運動迷透過運動經驗、情感寄託與迷行動實踐，逐步形成自身的迷認同，展現互有異同的「迷妹」意涵的詮釋及實踐，並逐步堆砌出投入女子運動賽事的女性運動迷樣態。

Introduction: This study focused on female sports fans who participated in women’s sports events to understand their experiences and formation of identities. Methods: This study adopted a qualitative approach and collected data through interviews. It involved 20 female sports fans. Results: The results revealed three themes. Firstly, female fans engaged in women’s sports events were influenced by their experiences participating in team sports, media exposure, and friends and peers. Secondly, the different patterns of fan behaviors were related to connections with personal experiences, social networks, and other aspects of life. Their identity as female fans was demonstrated through regular engagement in sports events and tournaments, attempting to connect and interact with female athletes and other female fans. Lastly, the female fans did not have to confront the challenges and doubts of the masculine world, which men dominate, while in a same-sex environment. However, the female fans revealed the stigma and attitude of distinguishing those unfamiliar with sports from more experienced senior fans. A few female fans also revealed the diverse patterns of female fans through personal experience sharing and embracing the different traits of being a female fan. Conclusion: Female sports fans gradually shape their fan identity through their participation experiences, emotional interactions, and practices of being a fan and demonstrate the similarities and differences in the meaning of being a fan. By doing this, multiple images of female sports fans emerged.