百回本《西遊記》中對送子觀音典故的運用情形

The Use of Allusions of Child-Granting Guanyin in the Journey to the West

百回本《西遊記》中的觀音貫串整個取經故事，擔任至關重要的角色。筆者發現小說裡的觀音有許多關於送子觀音典故的運用情形，故本文以此為主旨，主要以不同文本的西遊故事之比較，研究情節安排之差異；爬梳佛教或道教經典，指出角色取材之來源；最後，以民間的觀音信仰角度切入，釐析百回本《西遊記》的細節安排與送子觀音典故之間的聯結。
本文透過四個方面探討：一是觀音引送玄奘投胎的送子行為；二是紅孩兒被觀音制伏後改過向善，顯示送子觀音亦有幫助孩童成長及教化等功能；三是由善財擔任觀音脇侍的過程，指出其中有運用典故再創造的現象；四是在觀音降伏紅孩兒的章節中，指出編者淡化鬼子母戲份成為觀音侍從，將鬼子母的法力及傳說轉嫁至觀音此重要角色身上，由此強調觀音的法力無邊及其信仰之滲透性，然其轉嫁原因亦與送子觀音有關。

In the 100-chapter version of Journey to the West, Guanyin plays a vital role throughout the story. This writer finds many allusions about Guanyin in this novel, particularly on Child-Granting Guanyin(送子觀音). Therefore, this writer would like to use this as her main theme, with the purpose to compare the different literatures of the story and study their plots. Furthermore, this writer would like to delve into the Buddhist or Taoist scriptures to pinpoint the characters' conceptualization. Finally, this writer hopes to analyze the connection between the plots and the allusions of Child-Granting Guanyin from the perspective of the folk beliefs in Guanyin.
This article tackles four aspects: The first aspect is Guanyin's act of sending Xuan-Zang(玄奘) to reincarnation. The second is the transformation of Hong- Hai-Er(紅孩兒) after being subdued by Guanyin. This aspect shows that Child- Granting Guanyin also aids in disciplining children and help them grow. The third is the role of Sudhana(善財童子) as Guanyin's disciple; it points out that there is a phenomenon of recreation of allusions. Finally, in the chapter where Guanyin subdued Hong-hai-Er, this writer notices that the editor of the novel deliberately downplays the role of Hariti(鬼子母) and transfers her power and legend to Guanyin. This is to emphasize Guanyin's absolute power and to show the penetration of its beliefs. The reason for the transfer of Hariti's power is also connected to Child-Granting Guanyin.