英文摘要 |
In the pre-Qin documents, “shi(時)” and “sishi(四時)” implied the concept of “regular pattern”, so the words “shi” and “sishi” were translated as spring-summer-autumn-winter and interpreted as time or season regular by Xu Shen(許慎) and Duan Yucai(段玉裁). Discussions above reflect a concept changing of “shi”, a natural phenomenon, that varies according to time regularly. In this paper, we think that the lexical semantics of “shi” in Analects and Mengzi could show the intuitive grasp of time regular either, so we inspected the explanation of Shuowen Jiezi(《說文解字》) to “shi”, and compared it with the semantics of “shi” in Analects and Mengzi. After discussion, “shi” in Analects and Mengzi could be classified into some lexical semantics below. Firstly, we discussed the nominal usages of “shi” in four parts: (1) “shi” was used as “sishi”, which means the regular seasonal order in one year; (2) “shi” was used as a meaning that the regular changes of time, which was with extended meaning than (1); (3) “shi” was used as a period of time, which is more irregular to the previous two; (4) “shi” was used as a semantic meaning of an opportunity, which is often unpredictable. Secondly, we discussed other uncommon usage of “shi”, which developed verbal features gradually. In summary, the verb “shi” should be an advanced form that fully developed from its nominal semantics. |