百回本《西遊記》中紅孩兒形象之流衍與意涵考釋

The Research of the Evolution of Hong-Haier in the 100-Chapter-Novel A Journey to the West

百回本《西遊記》為一部「聚合式」小說，其中許多人物形象和故事情節都是在歷來文學作品、民間傳說、佛經典故等等的基礎上加工而成。在《西遊記》中紅孩兒是少數以兒童形象現身的妖怪，其人物形象相對於故事中其他人物、情節成型時間較晚，直至元末明初都還沒有完全成型，故本論文將透過不同文本相互比較分析，以紅孩兒的形象轉變作為考察對象，釐清人物形象演變脈絡。從最初是以鬼子母之子附與佛經中「鬼子母」故事而流傳，至元代雜劇《西遊記》中的紅孩兒雖然仍屬於鬼子母的故事，但其對於後來百回本《西遊記》創作紅孩兒的故事提供了眾多敘事元素，最後討論作為著名通俗小說的《西遊記》，如何化用各方素材，巧妙的將文學形象與民間信仰相融合，創作出引人入勝的情節，以達到作為「商品」的文學作品能大量販售的目的。

As a combined novel, most of images of the characters and plots of the 100-chapter-novel, A Journey to the West, is based on historical literature, Buddhist sutras and myth. Hong-haier(紅孩兒)is designed as a child goblin in this novel. Compared to other roles and the plots in the story, Hong-haier's characteristic was formed later and its imagine was uncertain until Ming Dynasty. This article is going to study the change of Hong-haier's image by analyzing and comparing different works. In the beginning, Hong-haier was regarded to be the son of Hariti(鬼子母)and its image was attached to the story of Hariti in the Buddhist scriptures. It belonged to the story in A Journey to the West in the Yuan zaju(雜劇). Although the characteristic of Hong-haier was not very distinctive, many descriptions and literatures of Hong-haier provide a lot of narrative elements to A Journey to the West. At last, this article will investigate the process of Hong-Haier's characteristic and discussed how Hong-Haier's characteristic be reshaped in the novel, 100-chapter-novel A Journey to the West, so as to make the story more extraordinary and saleable.