百年計樹人：鄭用錫「詩用」探究──以「示」、「勗」相關詩作為核心

A Hundred Years to Rear People: An Investigation of the Using Poetry by Zheng Yongxi: Based on the Related poems of Shi and Xu

開臺進士鄭用錫不僅留存豐富的制藝文字傳世，復遺留不少詩篇，其中得見許多意欲「以事告人」之作，屬於示、勗意向鮮明的「詩用」行為，而示、勗之對象又是以後進晚輩為核心，如此集中且確切，豈不反映出其個人具有傳達特定意識的強烈「期求」。而鄭用錫示、勗意向之詩何以為數甚多？據本文之觀察，實與其家族的教育觀念密切相關。又通過對陶潛〈責子〉與鄭用錫〈擬陶淵明責子詩〉之相互比較，足以窺知擬作有其鮮明的觀看方式，因之展現深刻的「詩用」意識。此外，關於鄭用錫示、勗意向之詩的內容，則是根本於儒家思想，可以區別為克紹祖德、孝順敦睦、儉勤戒奢、學優則仕、名實相副五大面向，同時，得見其示、勗意向之「詩用」行為十分嚴肅且深具意識。若進一步與其所處之環境相互連結，將不難發現此一行為實是導源自鄭用錫對臺灣社會之殊異性的覺知，於是在獲取話語權力之後，遂兼有家族教育者與中國道統代言人的雙重身分，至此，其示、勗意向之「詩用」行為竟跨越「一族」的邊界，從而深入「一邑」、「全臺」，是亦將有助於在地文人士紳階層的鞏固與開展，因以消彌臺灣地區之「殊異性社會」與中國「儒化社會」間之不平衡狀態，的確得見其非凡的社會性意義。

Zheng Yongxi (1788-1858) was the first imperial scholar in Taiwan, who handed down a lot of poems about something want to tell the others. The poems Belongs to a socioculural-act of “using poetry” obviously, which was provided with strong intention to shi(示) and xu(勗) that the object was based on younger generation. This phenomenon is focused and accurate, it reflects his strong desire to convey a specific awareness. But why Zheng Yongxi created the poems with strong intention to shi and xu so much? According to the observation of this article, this is closely related to the concept of his family education. Additionally, compare with Zheng Yongxi's pome to imitated Tao Qian's (365-427) “Admonishing My Sons”, we can know its differences way of watching, and shows a deep sense of “using poetry”. About all the related poems of shi and xu, in terms of content, Confucianism is a fundamental, it contains many orientations that included to inherit ancestral volition, filial piety and brothers' harmony, industrious and thrifty, a good scholar will make an official, to be worthy of the name. You can recognize that the attitude was very serious. If further with its space-time background interconnected, it is not difficult to find that this act is actually derived from the perception of the particularity of Taiwanese society by Zheng Yongxi, so when he gained the power of discourse, then get dual identity both the head of a clan and the spokesmen of Chinese Confucian orthodoxy. So the sense of “using poetry” behavior actually crossed the boundaries of the family, thus extending to the whole city or even Taiwan. It was conducive to the development of local gentry class, and eliminated social differences between Taiwan and China, indeed had extraordinary social significance.