韓愈思想的荀學性格：以教育層面為中心的開展

On Characters of the Theory of XunZi in the Thoughts of Han Yu: an Exploration from the Educational Level

韓愈〈原道〉一文中標舉了儒家道統說，以此抗衡老佛之道，他將「堯、舜、禹、湯、文、武、周公、孔子、孟子」排進了儒家傳道的正統一路，而將荀子排除在此一道統之外，更直言孟子死後道統便告中斷。此一言論表述形成了一般韓愈研究上所謂的「尊孟抑荀」的論述，以為韓愈思想對荀學抱持著較不如孟學的理解狀態。然而參酌韓愈其他的論述，可發覺韓愈思想並不存在刻板印象中那樣的抑荀表現，反倒與荀子思想有著相通的關聯性，潛藏著其不自覺的荀學成分存在。本研究以韓愈與荀子皆相當重視的教育層面為中心進行開展，學而後知禮義，因而其次論述韓愈思想的「仁義之道」與荀學的「禮義之道」，為學的最終目的即是為了國家社會，故最後以韓愈與荀學的政治思想進行論述，以此探究韓愈思想的荀學性格。

In his article Original Tao, Han Yu promoted the Confucian orthodoxy to contend with the theory of Buddhism and Taoism. He categorized “Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, King Wen, King Wu, Duke Zhou, Confucius, Mencius” into the orthodox Confucian ideology, but excluded XunZi's theory from such orthodoxy. He even straightly claimed that the Confucianorthodoxy was ended with the death of Mencius. Such expression has led to the so-called discourse of “worshiping Mencius and belittling the theory of XunZi” in the general studies on the thoughts of Han Yu, saying that Han Yu held the belief that the theory of XunZi was inferior to Mencius. However, if we consult other illustrations by Han Yu, we can find that actually Han Yu didn’t depreciate the theory of XunZi as in the stereotyped image. On the contrary, it has an interlinked relevance with the theory of XunZi and there were elements of the theory of XunZi lurked in his sub-consciousness. This study makes exploration focusing on the educational level emphasized both by Han Yu and XunZi. Only after learning one can know the rites and morality. Next, it will expound on the “philosophy of benevolence and righteousness” in the thoughts of Han Yu and the “philosophy of rites and morality” in the theory of XunZi. The ultimate goal of leaning is to contribute to the nation and the society. In the end of the study, the author will discuss the political thoughts of Han Yu and XunZi to probe into the characters of the theory of XunZi embodied in the Philosophy of Han Yu.