一個人的革命劇場──王嘯平早期劇著劇論初探

A One-man Revolutionary Theater──An Exploration on Wang Xiaoping’s Early Theater Theories and Plays

王嘯平（1919-2003）馬來亞新加坡的第三代華僑移民。青年與友共創「星洲業餘話劇社」，受蘇聯戲劇家泰洛夫（Tairov）《演劇論》新寫實主義又革命視野的啟發。1940年返中國參戰，加入新四軍文工隊，開啟革命劇場生涯，創作多部劇作和劇論。1958年，擔任南京軍區話劇團副隊長時提倡「專家治團」，被批評「錯誤文藝思想」，被革除軍級，創作出版戛然終止。王嘯平追隨泰洛夫，後轉向史坦尼斯拉夫斯基（Stanislavski）的「體驗派」反對形式主義的表演體系，正是他力批劇團外行導向「用技術來掩蓋生活與思想空虛」表演模式內核。然「革命的力量無比強大」，王嘯平信守的體系產生裂變，他批判了史氏，孑然獨向劇場。本文先梳理王嘯平劇場起源，以及泰洛夫和史坦尼斯拉夫斯基的思想如發微見於他的劇作和劇論中，進而帶動其一個人的革命劇場。

Wang Xiaoping (1919-2003) was a third-generation Chinese immigrant born in Singapore, British Malaya. He co-founded the“Singapore Amateur Theatre”with friends, inspired by Soviet playwright Tairov’s revolutionary vision of new realism in drama, About Theater. In 1940, Wang went to China and joined the New Fourth Army’s Cultural Troupe, embarking on a career in revolutionary theater and creating numerous plays and theatrical theories. Wang was expelled from the CCP in 1958 for advocating“the troupe be governed by specialists”and for“having several erroneous literary notions.”Wang followed Tairov’s lead and later turned to Stanislavsky’s“experientialist”system of performance against formalism as the core of his criticism of the troupe’s amateurish approach to“covering up the emptiness of life and thought.”However,‘the power of revolution is immense,’and Wang’s belief in the system crumbled as he criticized Stanislavsky and turned solely to the theatre. This article aims to examine the origins of Wang’s theatre, and how the ideas of Tairov and Stanislavsky found their way into his plays and theatre theory, and then into his own revolutionary theatre.