營造工程安全設計制度的配套措施發展趨勢

Development Trends of Supportive Measures for Construction Safety Design Regulations

安全設計係指在設計階段實施風險評估以消除或減輕可預見風險，是國際職業安全衛生的重要減災策略工具。除了強制性的規範制度之外，相關配套措施也是推動營造工程安全設計制度的關鍵成功因素。因此，本研究歸納英國、新加坡、澳洲、日本等國家的作法與經驗，將營造工程安全設計制度配套措施的發展趨勢進行彙整，包括安全設計對策清單、安全設計案例庫、科技應用等，並提出國內未來發展建議。安全設計對策清單是協助設計者思考風險處理對策的有效工具，建議在發展時可考慮依據災害類型與控制層級類型進行分類，以提高對策清單的實用性。同時，安全設計案例庫也是發展重點，與安全設計對策清單搭配，提供設計者安全設計方向與相關案例，提高安全設計的有效性。此外，科技應用亦建議列入安全設計對策清單中，從設計階段就考慮科技減災，以發揮出更大的效果。

Safety design refers to the implementation of risk assessments during the design phase to eliminate or mitigate foreseeable risks. It serves as a vital tool in international occupational health and safety (OSH) disaster reduction strategies. In addition to mandatory regulatory frameworks, supportive measures are key success factors in promoting construction safety design regulations. Accordingly, this paper synthesizes approaches and experiences from countries such as the United Kingdom, Singapore, Australia, and Japan. This paper compiles the development trends of supportive measures in construction safety design regulations, including the safety design treatment checklist, safety design case library, and OSH technology. Recommendations for future domestic development are also provided. The safety design treatment checklist is an effective tool that aids designers in formulating risk mitigation strategies. It is advisable to categorize the checklist based on types of disasters and hierarchy of control to enhance its practical utility. Concurrently, the safety design case library is also a key area of development. When used in conjunction with the treatment checklist, it provides designers with both direction and case studies, thereby improving the effectiveness of safety designs. Additionally, it is recommended that OSH technologies be incorporated into the safety design treatment checklist, beginning at the design phase, to maximize their effectiveness.