重大工安事故衝擊影響之辨識與評估

Identification and Assessment of the Impact of Major Occupational Accidents

近年來，國內多次發生重大工安事故，造成嚴重人員傷亡。主要歸因於能量釋放、有害物暴露、不安全狀態、不安全行為及管理疏失。這些重大工安事故影響深遠，對社會、企業、勞工及其家庭造成極大的衝擊。而過去有關工安事故的影響衝擊評估較局限於對工作場所內部影響的評估，忽略重大工安事故引發的公共安全問題與社會影響，且國內尚未有以社會整體角度宏觀且整體性的分析。因此，有必要針對這些重大工安事故進行更全面的分析，以深入瞭解其對整個社會所帶來的廣泛影響。
本研究透過文獻整理，彙整國內外相關文獻之方法學與重要結論，並考量重大工安事故所可能引發的內部及外部風險，辨識影響社會與心理層面之直接或間接衝擊，透過針對不同層面的影響進行分析，能為未來的政策制定和風險管理提供更有價值的洞察和建議。本研究同時參考Michael F. Drummond等學者提出的「健康照護經濟評估架構」與第二屆健康與醫學成本效果的專家小組提出的「影響評估清單」（Impact Inventory Template），並參酌專家會議之專家學者之建議，建立一個以社會全體大眾的觀點評估重大工安事故的社會成本與心理衝擊之評估架構與方法，作為企業風險評估和職業安全決策考慮的依據。

There have been major occupational accidents resulting in major casualties in our country in recent years. The main causes included energy release, exposure to harmful substances, unsafe conditions, unsafe behaviors, and poor management. The results of major accidents have a great impact on society, business entities, workers and their families. In the past, the assessment of the impact of occupational accidents was limited to evaluating the internal impact of the workplace. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive and macroscopic analysis from a societal perspective within the domestic context. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a more comprehensive analysis of these major occupational accidents to gain a deeper understanding of their extensive impacts on the entire society.
In this study, the methodology and important conclusions of relevant domestic and foreign literatures were reviewed. The purpose of this study is to identify direct social and psychological impact or indirect impact on the basis of considering the internal and external risks that may be caused by the major occupational accidents. By analyzing impacts across different dimensions, valuable insights and recommendations can be provided for future policy formulation and risk management. Meanwhile, this study refers to the ''Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes'' written by Michael F. Drummond et al. and considers the ''Impact Inventory Template'' framework noted by the Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness of Health and Medicine. Combined with the suggestions from experts and scholars at the expert meeting, this study developed an evaluation framework and method for evaluating the social cost and psychological impact of major industrial safety accidents from the aspect of the whole society. It could be used as an assessment reference for enterprise risk assessment and decision-making for occupational safety.