藥品專利與健康權之跨境保障

Cross-Border Protection of Pharmaceutical Patent Rights and Right to Health

鑑於藥品專利權的跨境保障，以及因而所生藥品專利權侵害之跨境侵權行為，是否應納入保障人民健康權之因素，成為需要考慮的問題。本文首先探討專利權權利來源、健康權保障之基本理論，進而介紹藥品專利權保護與健康權保障中之藥品近用議題，在國際之間因為產業技術、各國健康狀況之不同，而產生南、北國家的衝突，以致於在規範形成過程中，也不斷尋求平衡。本文最後再討論藥品專利權保護所可能涉及跨國侵權行為法之選法規則，嘗試在跨國侵權行為選法規則、懲罰性賠償金等問題之準據法選定上納入健康權保障的考慮因素。

As a conflict and mediation between the cross-border protection of pharmaceutical patent rights and right to health has become an issue to be considered. This paper first discusses the nature of patent rights and the basic theories of right to health and then the issue of access to essential drugs which has led to conflicts between northern and southern countries due to differences in industrial technology and health conditions in the world. In the process of norm formation, it is constantly seeking balance. Finally, this paper discusses the rules of choice of law that may involve transnational tort law in the protection of pharmaceutical patent rights and attempts to consider the protection of the right to health in the selection of the law for transnational tort and punitive damages.