法治化營商環境的司法評估及其實踐進路

Judicial Evaluation and Practical Approach of Business Environment Governed by Law

法治化營商環境司法評估是對人民法院服務保障營商環境的能力和水平的綜合評估。它以市場主體生產經營過程中的社會環境、政務環境及市場環境為基本維度，以司法的公正性、效率性、便捷性為價值目標，旨在測量一個國家或地區的法律制度、司法運行外部條件以及司法運行效果。目前，普遍採用的是世界銀行營商環境評估指標體系，其中涉及司法的包括“爭端解決”和“辦理破產”2項一級指標，但該指標體系存在無法全面涵蓋司法服務保障法治化營商環境現狀、對司法運行及其效果關照不足以及盲目對標可能衝擊一個國家法律制度等缺陷。對此，我國可採取世界銀行評估與國內司法評估的“雙軌制”模式，以國內評估為重心，結合營商環境法律法規以及司法質效評估指標體系，建立全國統一的法治化營商環境司法評估指標體系，以司法運行及其效果評估為主，運用客觀數據與主觀認知相結合的評估方法，增強評估結果的科學性和實用性。

The judicial assessment of the business environment under the rule of law is a comprehensive assessment of the ability and level of the people ' s court to serve and safeguard the business environment. It takes the social environment, government environment and market environment in the process of production and operation of market subjects as the basic dimension, and takes judicial fairness, efficiency and convenience as the value goal, and aims to measure the legal system, external conditions of judicial operation and the effect of judicial operation of a country or region. At present, the World Bank's Business Environment Assessment Indicator System (BEAIS) is widely used, including two first - level indicators relating to justice, including ''dispute settlement'' and ''bankruptcy''. However, this indicator system has defects such as failing to fully cover the current situation of the business environment governed by the rule of law in judicial service protection, insufficient attention to judicial operation and its effects, and the possibility of impacting a country' s legal system by blindly benchmarking. In this regard, China can adopt the ''dual - track'' model of World Bank evaluation and domestic judicial evaluation, focusing on domestic evaluation, combining business environment laws and regulations and judicial quality and efficiency evaluation index system, establishing a national unified judicial evaluation index system of business environment under the rule of law, focusing on judicial operation and its effect evaluation, and utilizing the evaluation method combining objective data and subjective cognition. Make the evaluation results more scientific and practical.