家庭教育促進法中強制干預的督促監護問題研究

Research on the Supervision of Guardianship of Compulsory Intervention in the Family Education Promotion Law

以促進未成年人健康成長為目標，《家庭教育促進法》的立法訴求是普遍性提升家庭教育能力、規範家庭教育行為。但在柔性立法整體框架下，偏重指導和促進的倡導性措施難以全面應對司法實踐中未成年人犯罪或者遭受犯罪侵害反映出的家庭教育存在的不同問題。在教養方式不當輕型和監護直接侵害等重型之間，應當著眼法法銜接與路徑貫通，進一步釋明《家庭教育促進法》第49條責令接受家庭教育指導的強制性內涵，強化國家對家庭監護功能障礙、不易自愈監護行為的司法干預，以督促監護的強制性令狀方式建立一種有效的中間措施，形成接受家庭教育指導建議書、強制性督促監護令和剛性撤銷監護人資格的規範體系，以社會法的家庭教育方法路徑促進《民法典》等監護責任內容的實現。就督促監護的具體構造而言，可以從明確督促監護令的體系化內容要素、確定規範化的適用範圍、完善前期調查評估和後期跟蹤調整程序、協同社會支持力量、構建階梯式強制保障體系等方面進行完善。

With the goal of promoting the healthy growth of minors, the legislative demand of the Family Education Promotion Law is to universally enhance the capacity of family education and regulate family education behavior. However, within the flexible legislation, advocacy measures that focus on guidance and promotion are difficult to fully address the various problems in family education reflected in juvenile delinquency or criminal infringement in judicial practice. Between the improper and mild parenting methods and the direct infringement of guardianship, we should focus on the connection between law and law, and further clarify the mandatory connotation of Article 49 of the Family Education Promotion Law ordering acceptance of family education guidance. We should strengthen the judicial intervention of the state on family guardianship dysfunction and difficult self - healing guardianship behaviors, and establish an effective intermediate measure through the mandatory writ of supervision and guardianship. Establishing a standardized system for receiving recommendations of family education guidance, mandatory supervision orders, and rigid revocation of guardianship qualifications, and also promoting the implementation of guardianship responsibilities of the Civil Code through the family education approach of social law. In terms of the specific structure of supervision and guardianship, it can be improved from clarifying the systematic content elements of supervision and guardianship orders, determining the standardized scope of application, improving the preliminary investigation and evaluation and subsequent tracking and adjustment procedures, collaborating with social support, and constructing a tiered mandatory security system.