數據犯罪刑法規制模式的現狀評析與未來展望

Current Situation Analysis and Future Prospects of the Criminal Law Regulatory Model for Data Crimes

作為保障法，刑法在數據時代全面介入數據的法律保護已屬必然。我國數據犯罪刑法規制呈現出立法與司法相交互的路徑，涉及罪名包括計算機數據犯罪、個人信息犯罪、國家秘密類數據犯罪、商業秘密類數據犯罪和其他數據犯罪五大類。刑法未針對數據犯罪設置專門罪名，而是通過罪群將數據犯罪納入刑法規制範圍。這一罪群以計算機數據犯罪和個人信息犯罪為主、以其他數據犯罪為輔，呈現出間接保護、多重保護和重點保護等特徵屬性。立足當下，對數據犯罪的刑法規制宜維持目前的罪群模式，摒棄刑法先行的路徑依賴；展望未來，在前置法對數據確權完成的前提下，可以設置包容性相對較強的侵犯數據權益罪，以進一步嚴密刑事法網，更好地滿足數據權益保護的現實需要。

As a protective measure, criminal law' s comprehensive involvement in legal safeguards for data in the digital age has become inevitable. China' s regulation of digital crime under criminal law exhibits an intertwined path of legislation and judicial action, involving categories of offenses such as computer data crimes, personal information crimes, state secret - related data crimes, business secret- related data crimes, and other data- related crimes. Rather than establishing specific charges for data crimes, the criminal law encompasses these crimes within a cluster of offenses. This cluster is primarily centered around computer data crimes and personal information crimes, supplemented by other data- related crimes. It manifests characteristics of indirect protection, multiple layers of protection, and targeted protection. Given the current circumstances, it is recommended to uphold the current cluster - based model for regulating data crimes within the framework of criminal law, while also moving away from the reliance on prioritizing criminal law in this context. Looking ahead, with the precondition of completing data ownership confirmation through antecedent laws, a relatively inclusive offense related to infringing data rights can be established. This will further fortify the criminal legal framework, better addressing the practical requirements of safeguarding data rights.