國際貿易法體系的碎片化結構：歷史性變局、主要矛盾與中國對策

The Fragmented Structure of the International Trade Legal System: Historical Change, Major Conflicts and China's Strategy

國際貿易法體系正呈現世界貿易組織中心權威性衰弱、多元貿易協議無序擴張的碎片化結構。這實際上反映出國際貿易秩序的歷史性變局，即在信息技術革命與全球價值鏈的背景下，國際貿易市場深度融合，帶來國家實力格局的變遷以及國內社會矛盾的加劇。對此，國際貿易法體系需要通過碎片化結構滿足雙重需求：一方面通過世界貿易組織的建制性功能維護多邊貿易秩序的韌性；另一方面通過多元貿易協議疏解更複雜的矛盾分歧，即因國家實力變遷激化的政治猜忌以及因貿易市場深度融合而對國內社會帶來的衝擊。中國在參與國際貿易治理時需避免陷入政治攻訐的陷阱，洞察新形勢下國際貿易秩序的主要矛盾，妥善利用碎片化結構以促進國際貿易法逐步改革。

The current international trade legal system presents a typical fragmented structure, in which the centrality of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is collapsing, while diverse international trade agreements proliferate without coordination. This fragmented structure reflects the ongoing historical changes of the international trade order. Driven by the information technology revolution and the construction of global value chains, the current international trade market is deeply integrated, leading to changes in the structures of State power and placing pressure on the development of domestic society. As such, the international trade legal system needs to fulfill two needs through the fragmented structure. On the one end, it needs the constitutional function of the WTO to maintain a stable multilateral trade order. On the other end, it needs the diversity of trade agreements to harness the complex conflicts of the current trade order, including the political distrust driven by the changing power structure, and the domestic social conflict driven by the deeper integration of the trade market. When participating in international trade governance, China needs to avoid the trap of political attack, to have a nuanced understanding of the fundamental conflict of the new international trade order, and harness the fragmented structure to promote the gradual evolution of the international trade legal system.