海洋劃界國際司法實踐中判斷島嶼效力的原則

Principles for the Determination of Islands’Effect in International Judicial Practice of Maritime Boundary Delimitation

國際司法實踐中發展出一系列判斷島嶼效力的原則，這些原則不僅包括公平原則和陸地統領海洋原則這樣的基本原則，也包括條約必須遵守原則、相同事物相同對待原則、不得重塑地理原則、比例原則、不侵佔原則這樣的具體原則。這些具體原則是基本原則的具體化，為島嶼效力的判斷提供了一定的參照。然而，這些原則並不能涵蓋判斷島嶼效力的全部因素，在具體案件中需要考慮哪一個或哪幾個原則是不確定的，加上這些原則本身具有很大的主觀性，因此，島嶼效力的判斷仍具不確定性。

A series of principles have been developed in judicial practice to determine the effect of islands, including some basic principles such as equitable principles and the principle of the domination of the land over the sea, as well as some specific principles such as pacta sunt servanda, the principle that equal situations have to be treated equally, the principle of non-refashioning geography, proportionality and the principle of non-encroachment. These specific principles which are the crystallization of the basic principles, provide certain reference for the judgment of islands’effect. However, these principles cannot cover all the factors that determine the effect of islands. It is uncertain which one or several principles need to be considered in a specific case. And these principles themselves entail great subjectivity. Therefore, the determination of the islands’effect is still filled with great uncertainty.