論數據產品的權利配置

數據產權的配置應以客體界定為起點，區分數據、數據資源和數據產品。基於數據產品的本體內容和經濟屬性，應當在無形財產權利框架中討論其權利配置的思路。現行法存在調整信息利用的法律工具，但存在局限性。數據產品的權利配置能夠為流通與保護的平衡提供更為全面的方案，為數據產品的商業化提供更具前瞻性的制度安排，且不與反不正當競爭保護機制相衝突。應當明確以數據產品製作者權為核心的權利配置思路，數據資源持有權和數據產品經營權均不屬數據產品製作者權的內容。數據產品製作者權能促進數據產品市場的競爭。為了尊重數據來源者的貢獻，應當為數據來源者設定複製、查閱、更正相應數據的工具性權利。採取自願登記模式能夠避免實質審查的難度和成本，實現證明數據產權、保障交易安全的功能。

The confirmation of data rights should take the object definition as the starting point and make the distinguish between data, data resources and data products. Based on the ontological content and economic properties of data products, the distribution of data rights should be discussed in the framework of intangible property rights. The current law has tools to regulate the use of information, but with limitations. The allocation on the rights of data products can offer a more comprehensive solution for balancing circulation and protection. This framework presents an innovative institutional model for commercialization of data products, without undermining the anti-unfair competition protection mechanism. It is essential to delineate a distribution strategy of rights that prioritizes the rights of data product producer. The right to hold data resources and the right to operate data products are not part of the rights of data product producer. The rights of data product producer can foster healthy competition within the data product market. In order to respect the contributions of data source, the instrumental rights shall be established for data source to reproduct, access and correct the corresponding data. The adoption of the voluntary registration model can avoid the difficulties and costs of substantive examination, and realize the functions of proving data property rights and ensuring the security of transactions.