未成年人犯罪記錄封存中被遺忘權的制度性嵌入

隨著數字時代的到來，信息控制與遺忘日益成為一個重大社會難題，已有的犯罪記錄封存制度面臨前所未有的困境和挑戰。公權與私權邊界的逐步模糊，公域與私域界限的逐漸消解，未成年人刑事信息相對于傳統的隱私信息呈現出新特徵以及公眾知情權和新聞自由權勃興，進一步凸顯現有未成年人犯罪記錄封存制度的主體狹窄、封存定位有限等時代局限。因此，亟需對未成年人犯罪記錄封存制度進行變革，適時將被遺忘權嵌入其中，以抑制數據挖掘、數據畫像可能帶來的信息失控和數字人格侵蝕問題，在更好地發揮未成年人犯罪記錄封存制度立法預期作用的同時，有效回應數字革命對程序正義帶來的衝擊和影響。這就要求克服被遺忘權本身的理論支撐乏力、制度供給不足、技術內嵌風險等問題，在刑事司法制度上明確司法機關、新媒體和商業平臺的保護義務和責任，並賦予罪錯未成年人及監護人對在線信息內容一定範圍的監督權和參與權，從而強化未成年人權益的法治化保障。

Into the digital age, information control and oblivion have turned into major social challenges. This has posed unprecedented difficulties and challenges for the existing system of sealing criminal records for minors. The boundary between public and private rights becomes increasingly blurred, and the distinction between public and private domains is gradually disappearing. As a result, juvenile criminal information presents new characteristics compared to traditional privacy information, and a series of new rights are now derived from the online context. This further highlights the limitations of the current system of sealing juvenile criminal records, such as narrow subjects and limited scope. Therefore, it is urgent to reform the system of sealing juvenile criminal records and to incorporate the right to be forgotten in a timely manner. This will help dealing with the issues of information mismanagement and erosion of digital personalities caused by data mining and profiling, and it will better fulfill the legislative expectations of the system of sealing juvenile criminal records, effectively responding to the impact of the digital revolution on procedural justice. In order to enhance theoretical support, overcome insufficient institutional supply, and reduce embedded risks of the right to be forgotten, it is necessary to explicitly establish the protection obligations and responsibilities of judicial organs, new media, and commercial platforms in the criminal justice system and to empower both juvenile offenders and their legal guardians with the right to supervise and participate in the control of online information, thereby strengthening the legal protection of the rights of minors.