青少年犯罪、藥物濫用現況和處遇模式初探──從理論到實務

A Preliminary Research on the Situation and Treatment Models of Adolescent Delinquency and Substance Use: From Theory to Practices

2014年臺灣制定施行「兒童權利公約施行法」起至今，國內相關法律命令、政策制度就有了極大變化。2018年大幅修訂「少年事件處理法」後，未滿12歲兒童便不再適用少事法，全面回歸以教育社福體系來協助兒童非行行為；同時強化少年輔導委員會功能來協助曝險少年、偏差行為少年，希望行政輔導先行、司法保護為後盾的措施，能避免或減少兒童及少年過早進入司法審理懲處的程序。
不過，前述所提「兒童權利公約」中的兒童係指未滿18歲之人，而我國將兒童定義為未滿12歲之人，12歲至未滿18歲之人稱為少年，而靑年是指18歲至未滿24歲之人；因此，本文希望能聚焦於少年、靑年不同族群近年來的犯罪趨勢和藥物濫用現象，並分別介紹靑少年多系統療法(MST)、簡短策略性家族治療(BSFT)、靑少年多面向家族治療(MDFT)等具有實證效益的處遇模式；最後則以我們實際在社區所進行的靑少年處遇模式，呈現其運用降低風險因子與提高保護因子的行動研究進程、目前成效和未來發展計畫，期盼能拋磚引玉邀請大家共同投入靑少年工作之中。

Since 2014, the“implementation Act of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)”in Taiwan, there have been significant changes in domestic laws, regulations, and policies. In 2018, the“Juvenile Delinquency Act”underwent substantial revisions. Now, children aged under 12 are no longer subject to law, shifting towards an education and social welfare-based approach to assist children with delinquent behavior. Concurrently, the functions of the Juvenile Guidance Committee were strengthened to aid risk expsoure teenagers and those engaging in deviant behavior. The aim is to prioritize administrative guidance with judicial protection as a backup measure to prevent or reduce children and teenagers from prematurely entering the judicial process.
However, CRC defines children as individuals under 18 years of age, whereas we defines children as those under 12 years old, and individuals aged 12 to under 18 are referred to as juveniles, while young adults are defined as those aged 18 to under 24 in Taiwan. Therefore, this paper hopes to focus on the recent trends in crime and substance abuse among juveniles and young adults from different demographics, and introducing about Multi-systemic Therapy(MST)、Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSFT) and Multidimensional Family Therapy for Adolescents(MDFT), how to apply these evidence-based treatment models. Finally, we present the action research progress, for reducing risk factors and increasing protect factors, current effectiveness, and future development plans of the adolescent treatment model implemented in our community, hoping to inspire more people to join us working with juveniles and young adults.