地方創生浪潮中的農村發展策略轉向

The Transformation of Rural Development Strategies in the Tide of Regional Revitalization

農村發展是個隨時代變遷而持續演化的命題，同時也需要在行動策略上不斷調整。農村再生政策的演變，反映臺灣農村發展已從解決農村特定課題，轉變到倡議多元化的發展行動。同樣地，以解決城鄉不均發展、倡議人口回流為主的地方創生政策，也在推動過程中逐漸擴展政策執行機制，試圖為地方創造更多串連內外行動資源的架構。從農村再生到地方創生，顯現出農村發展的政策目標和行動尺度的改變。農村因此面對的新挑戰是，如何在多層級與多元行動者交織的立體化結構中，邁向網絡化發展的行動體系，並突顯經營行動網絡的重要性。
從農村再生與地方創生的執行經驗來看，邁向網絡化發展的轉型過程並非一蹴可及，同時也突顯出新內源式發展論點在方法論層次上所忽略的三個課題，包括：面對多元課題如何進行策略路徑選擇、是否存在推展網絡化行動策略的最適尺度，以及整合行動的組織應該培力那些運作特質。這些課題沒有最佳的單一答案，而是需要從實踐經驗中找到設計解決方案的原則。農村如何重新界定發展的命題，兼顧多元創新和行動整合，仍是未來將持續面對的挑戰。

The rural regeneration policy has stepped into the third stage since its augment. Its evolution reflects that the rural development in Taiwan has shifted from addressing specific problems to advocating diversified actions. Similarly, the regional revitalization policy, which takes the population issue as its prime target, also expands its implementation scheme from a single approach to multiple channels. The evolvement of both policies shows that the exogenous intervention posed by the governments is unable to meet the flexibility of local development. However, on the other side, the three-dimensional policy structure constructed by both policies still throws challenges to rural development.
The strategy to connect and manage the collaboration network for rural development is critical to the neo-endogenous development model but never easy. Yet the experience in Taiwan reflects three questions unanswered by the neo-endogenous development theory: First, how should we design a strategic plan to respond to the diversified issues. Secondly, which scale could play the integration game. And thirdly, what capabilities are necessary for managing the collaboration network. There would be different answers to these questions according to the local context. Evaluating the possible strategies to organize the collaboration network and support innovative initiatives could help the rural community with future challenges.