脆弱家庭社區兒少據點與跳島效應──以兒童的社會空間習得經驗為視角

The Island Model Effect: Acquirement Experiences of Children from Vulnerable Families in the Neighborhood Care Point

脆弱係一跨尺度與維度的多面向交錯概念，從國家層級的政治、經濟、環境條件與治理之脆弱國家（Fragile States）概念乃至公民本身條件置於社會運行的風險回應能力不足的脆弱性（Vulnerability）交織而成。本文旨在探討臺灣2018年頒布執行的社會安全網計畫，針對年齡、經濟暨社會文化條件不利之人口施行脆弱家庭服務方案，將強調風險因子檢核、通報以致國家系統早期介入的「風險家庭」概念，改以「脆弱家庭」施以社區支持系統與個人能力條件發展之實務變革下，諸些因為經濟、家庭狀態與年齡條件被標籤為「脆弱者」的兒童如何從中發展社會空間，獲得個人社會適應發展的契機歷程。研究者採以案例研究，針對臺中后里的偏鄉脆弱家庭社區兒少據點，採用社會空間度量法透過參與觀察、文本分析與訪談，於田野探索研究中發現，臺灣特殊的數位普及條件與公民社會發展脈絡中，諸些α世代的兒童在客觀與個人主觀意識中，產生重新評價自身「脆弱」的狀態，於社區衛星據點中交織於傳統實體的生態網絡，交錯著跳躍於實體與虛擬社會單位的資源獲取行為，形成立基於社區安全據點中的跳島模式。本文目的在於描繪此一突破傳統生態觀點之現象，並勾勒一線實務的社區兒少據點工作者與脆弱家庭兒童如何藉此增能抗壓的歷程。

Vulnerability is a multifaceted concept that spans scales and dimensions, from the concept of fragile states of political, economic and environmental conditions and governance at the national level to the vulnerability of citizens’own conditions to the lack of risk response capabilities. This article discusses the social safety net plan promulgated and implemented in Taiwan in 2018, which implements vulnerable family service plans for populations with disadvantaged age, economic, social and cultural conditions. The concept of“vulnerable families”was shifted from crisis inventorying to systematic community support and individual capacity development. The researchers used a case study to focus on the base of the rural community of vulnerable families in Houli, Taichung, and adopted the socio-spatial approach through participatory observation, document analysis, and interviews. In the premiere field engaged, we found that Taiwan's special digital popularization and the development context of civil society, led theɑgeneration to re-evaluate their own“vulnerability”state and intertwined with the ecological network amid the island model which jumps between physical and virtual social agents to generate their won social-spatial. The purpose of this article is to describe this phenomenon that breaks with traditional ecological perspectives and to outline the journey of how community social workers and children work through vulnerable families to be empowered to have their own socio-spatial acquirement.