在社區營造與地方創生之間：實踐的反思

Between ''Community Construction'' and ''Regional Revitalization'': Reflections on Practice

身為「人文創新與社會實踐」計畫的工作者，計畫團隊在構思與推展在地行動時，時常面臨內部討論的路線之爭，大抵可視為「社區營造」與「地方創生」之間的差異。此一路線之爭，也發生在東海人社團隊如何構思臺中市第二市場的行動方案。本研究即孕生於此一實踐過程中的反思。
本研究主張，兩個概念之間的釐清與區別有其必要，但本文並非政策評析，而是著重探究概念引發的社會實踐所可能具有的意涵。首先梳理「地方創生」概念，釐清其容易陷入眾說紛紜卻又各取所需的意義狀態，並揭示地方創生如何透過語意上的二元對立運作，建構出既區別於又優位於社區營造的概念正當性。其次，為確認這樣的主張是否能夠成立，透過回顧「社區營造」概念的晚近討論，確認其問題設定與行動方式，提供進一步討論的基礎。
進而，本文試圖論證，兩個概念乃奠基於不可共量的規範性基礎，既難相互化約，亦難彼此超越。藉助萊特關於弱化資本主義的闡述，揭示概念背後價值理念的關鍵差異，同時反思人社計畫的旨趣。最終回到第二市場的行動脈絡，闡述後續如何決定行動方案，並思考人社計畫的行動者，應該如何看待與因應當前政策中「社會參與創生」的知識期待。

As an actor in the ''Humanity Innovation and Social Practice (HISP)'' project, the project team often faces internal disputes over routes when conceiving and promoting action plans. It can be regarded as the difference between ''community construction'' and ''regional revitalization''. In terms of current policy trends, regional revitalization is given the role of ''surpassing'' community construction, and regarded as a more integrated concept. That dispute also occurred how Tunghai University conceived the action plan for Taichung city and Taichung Second Public Retail Market. This article is a reflection that was born in this practice process.
As far as action research is concerned, actions can advance the possibilities of research, but we also need clear concepts to guide actions. Therefore, this article is not a policy analysis, but focuses on the social meaning of those concepts. First I sort out the recent discussions of ''regional revitalization'', and reveal how regional revitalization semantically construct the legitimacy of the concept that is different from and superior to community construction. Secondly, by reviewing the recent discussions of ''community construction'', I try to provide a basis for further discussion.
Furthermore, this article attempts to demonstrate that the two concepts are based on different normative foundations, which are difficult to reduce and surpass each other. With the help of Erik O. Wright's discourse on eroding capitalism, it reveals the key differences between the values behind the two concepts. Finally, I return to the case of Taichung Second Public Retail Market to explain how we made the decisions about the action plan.