從體證到舉業――陳琛《四書淺說》經典詮釋考察

From Experiencing Truth to the Civil Service Examinations——An Investigation of the Classical Exegesis in Chen Chen’s Sishu qianshuo

陳琛，字思獻，號紫峰，學者稱紫峰先生，學術得之於蔡清，撰成《四書淺說》為閩學宗朱之作，既有融通的心得，也有獨到之見。就其形式而言，剔除注解以及徵引文字，回歸於章句文本，闡發經旨內涵，遂有更多可以發揮的詮釋空間；義理方面以心為義理核心，標舉心與理一，追求內外相應，認為「虛」才有應照萬殊的能力，也才有隨感而應的結果，也給予學者篤實為學的進路，以及深造有得的目標。陳琛繼承朱熹、蔡清心法，從體證而及於舉業，完成由心見理的詮釋，遂有由工夫而及本體的了解，與陽明悟道同時而不相及，遂有心之操持相異的領會，明儒學術多元發展由此得見。

Chen Chen, whose courtesy name was Sixian, is known to scholars today as Mr. Zifeng. He studied with Cai Qing and wrote the Sishu qianshuo, which followed Zhu Xi’s interpretations from the Fujian school. As far as the form this text is concerned, Chen Chen eliminated annotations and quotations, focused on the text of the chapters, and expounded on the meaning of the Four Books. This allowed for more room for interpretation, and he believed that it was only by embodying“emptiness”that one could respond to the differences between all things. Emptiness not only produced results that came directly from feelings, it also gave scholars an effective way of earnestly learning as well as attaining their goals. Chen Chen continued the teachings of Zhu Xi and Cai Qing on the mind, and further completed their theory of discerning principle via the mind. He understood how to progress to the original substance through self-cultivation; however, although he achieved enlightenment at the same time as Wang Yangming, he could not measure up to him. The diversity of Ming Confucian scholarship can be seen from his life and works.