綜合型華語教材寫作練習內容結構評估：以《當代中文課程》第一冊為例

An Evaluation of Writing Exercises in Comprehensive Mandarin Chinese Teaching Materials: A Case Study of“A Course in Contemporary Chinese Volume 1”

華語文教材的選用能影響教與學之效能，尤以教材第一冊為最，因其能奠定學習者的華語基礎。有鑑於現階段針對教材中寫作練習題內容結構評估的研究較少，本研究透過文獻分析法，梳理華語文寫作歷程理論、華語文寫作教材編寫原則、任務型導向學習理論、華語教材評估要點，並整合華語文寫作測驗（TOCFL Writing）寫作基準，編制「綜合型華語教材寫作練習評估一覽表」，此評估表包含三任務、兩評估以及六原則。而後透過文本分析法，以編製之教材評估一覽表，檢視當代主流之一的綜合型華語教材《當代中文課程》第一冊教材之寫作練習題內容結構，並針對評估結果提出建議。整體而言，教材寫作練習內容結構符合其設計目標，能建立學習者達到TOCFL人門基礎級寫作測驗標準的能力。本研究也提出以下建議：第一，將華語標點符號學習融入各式寫作練習題中；第二，調整作文練習題比例，以增加應用文書信類練習題題數；第三，調整文體體裁練習順序；第四，在課本、作業本與教師手冊增列詳解與範文。本研究結果不僅針對《當代中文課程》教材之寫作練習題內容結構提出建議，亦提供「綜合型華語教材寫作練習評估一覽表」給教材編輯單位、教學者、學習者評估、選用華語綜合型教材時參考使用。

The choice of Mandarin Chinese textbooks significantly impacts the effectiveness of teaching and learning, especially in the first volume, since it lays solid foundations for learners. Despite the importance of the first volume, there is a lack of current research on the evaluation of content structures in writing exercise in Chinese teaching materials. Using the approach of documentary analysis, this study integrates the theories on Chinese writing processes, principles of teaching Mandarin Chinese writing materials, task-oriented learning theories, critical assessment points of Chinese teaching materials, and TOCFL Writing benchmarks. The outcome is a“Comprehensive Mandarin Chinese Writing Exercises Assessment Form”containing three tasks, two assessments, and six principles. Applying textual analysis and the assessment form, this study examines the content structure of the writing exercises in one of the most widely used comprehensive Mandarin Chinese textbooks, A Course in Contemporary Chinese Volume 1. This study proposes recommendations based on the assessment results. Overall, the writing exercises in this textbook effectively help learners build up the necessary Mandarin Chinese writing skills for TOCFL Band A Writing. This study also suggests the following improvements. First, consider integrating Chinese punctuation learning into various writing exercises. Second, adjust the proportion of four genre-specific writing exercises, and emphasize practical Chinese letter-writing exercises. Third, reorder genre-specific writing exercises for a more effective progression. Last, offer detailed answers and writing examples in the textbook, workbook, and teacher’s manual. The study suggests adjusting the content structure of writing exercises in A Course in Contemporary Chinese Volume 1. It also offers the Comprehensive Mandarin Chinese Writing Exercises Assessment Form for use by textbook editors, teachers, and learners when evaluating and selecting comprehensive Chinese textbooks.