英、日、韓語為母語的華語學習者對於介詞「對」和「向」之偏誤與母語遷移研究

A Study on Errors in the Use of Mandarin Prepositions Dui and Xiang Made by English, Japanese and Koreanspeaking Learners of Chinese and their L1 Transfer

對於華語學習者而言，華語的「對」和「向」是一組容易誤用的近義詞。本研究旨在分析此二詞的差異，並從英、日、韓語為母語的華語學習者產出的偏誤探究可能的母語遷移。語料來自臺灣師範大學建置的學習者語料庫。本研究將偏誤語料分成遺漏、誤選、錯序、誤加、混合和搭配錯誤共六類。研究結果顯示，「對」和「向」普遍存在較高的誤選和搭配錯誤類型。三組學習者有關「對」的偏誤以誤選的比例占最高，其次為誤加；「向」則為以搭配錯誤和誤選、混合占多數。本研究從此二詞在日常話語和華語教材的出現情形及母語遷移兩方面，特別著重母語遷移的因素，討論學習者常出現的偏誤類型及可能原因。最後，本研究根據分析結果提出教學建議。結果顯示，教師需幫助學習者釐清「對」和「向」的意義和用法，並強化兩者的常用句式。

The Mandarin Chinese prepositions dui (對) and xiang (向) are nearsynonyms, sometimes interchange, yet with nuanced differences. This study, utilizing the Learner Corpus—Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language (TOCFL) established by National Taiwan Normal University, examines and compares the usage of dui and xiang by English-speaking, Japanese-speaking, and Korean-speaking learners of Chinese. The investigation aims to analyze the errors produced by these three groups of learners, considering the influence of their respective native languages, so-called“L1 transfer.”The errors are classified into six types—omission, misselection, misordering, overinclusion, blend, and collocation failure. Results show that misselection is the most common error in dui, followed by over-inclusion and collocation failure. For xiang, collocation failure is the most common error, followed by misselection and blend. This study discusses the possible factors behind the common errors based on daily discourse, Chinese textbooks as well as L1 transfer with a particular focus on the influence of L1 transfer. Pedagogical suggested are further presented, emphasizing the importance of helping learners distinguish the meanings, usages, and recurring sentences patterns of dui and xiang.