殖民地戰爭動員中的近代性與治理性：以1914年「保甲人夫」徵用為中心

Colonial Governmentality and Modernity in Colonial War: Mobilization of“Baojia Coolie”in 1914

本文以1914年太魯閣戰爭中的人夫動員為中心，試圖以公文書與日記資料，以兩個層次重新檢討動員系統中的近代治理有效性：其一是總督府當局基於科層體制層層往下之動員機制在地方如何有效，其二則是動員前提之各項基礎建設是否完備與深入。
首先，在此次的人夫徵用系統中，支廳作為與殖民地社會的接壤，負責人力與資源的初步集中與檢查盤點。而地方廳的領隊警察官與監督巡查，則是在前線形成的使役／被使役、日本人／臺灣人等多重隔閡之下協助穩定並修正動員程序。另外，總督府又透過〈臨時保甲規約標準〉等相關辦法，使保甲負擔起人力與金錢徵用之大任，成功將殖民地戰爭之成本分散並轉嫁於臺灣地方社會。其二，若以近代基礎建設的視角來看，透過警察與保甲從旁監視的強大控制力量，近代標準時間制得以在無數次的徵用與集合中強制嵌入臺灣地方社會。另一方面，電報與鐵道等基礎建設亦在戰爭中發揮了十分關鍵的時空壓縮效果。透過本文的討論，筆者期待點出的不僅是前述臺灣總督府令人驚異的統治技藝，亦期望能以殖民地戰爭的視角，看見日本帝國轉嫁於殖民地社會的戰爭成本，甚至進一步揭示殖民近代性在此次戰爭中所隱含的暴力性。

This article focuses on the mobilization of coolies (人夫、苦力) during the Taroko War in 1914. Using official documents and diaries, it re-examines the effectiveness of modern governmentality in the Japanese Colonial period from two perspectives. One is how mobilization rooted in the bureaucratic system worked effectively in local society; and the other is whether the modern infrastructure at that time as the prerequisite for mobilization was complete and thorough.
From the first perspective, it is clear that the sub-prefecture (支廳), connecting the bureaucratic system with the local society, was responsible for the initial concentration and inspection of resources in the mobilization procedure. On the front line, police officers played an important role in stabilizing and revising the mobilization procedure under multiple contradictions resulting from race and slavery issues. Moreover, the Government- General of Taiwan successfully made Baojia bear the burden of mobilization and expropriation through the wartime regulations, thus transferring the cost of the colonial war to the local society in Taiwan.
From the second perspective, the standard time system was forcibly implanted into the local society under the police and Baojia’s supervisory control. Furthermore, telegraphs and railways also played critical roles in reducing time and space in this war.
To sum up, this study not only highlights the impressive ruling skills of the Government-General of Taiwan but also shows how Imperial Japan shifted the war cost to its colonies. In addition, it even further reveals the hidden violence of Colonial Modernity from the perspective of colonial war.