知覺行為控制在計畫行為理論中的調節作用：健康相關行為的元分析結構方程模型

Perceived behavioral control’s moderating role in the theory of planned behavior: A meta-analytic structural equation model of health-related behavior literature

緒論：計畫行為理論的提出者Ajzen呼籲大家重視對知覺行為控制在理論中調節作用的解讀，知覺行為控制在計畫行為理論中作為調節變數越來越受到學者們的重視，計畫行為理論將迎來新一輪發展與革新的契機。方法：本研究通過資料庫檢索、篩選出20篇健康相關行為的文獻，共計10297個樣本，採用元分析結構方程模型重點考察了知覺行為控制在計畫行為理論中的調節作用。結果：一、知覺行為控制在態度與意圖之間存在正向調節作用；二、知覺行為控制在主觀規範與意圖之間不存在調節作用；三、知覺行為控制在意圖與行為之間存在正向調節作用。結論：基於之前版本計畫行為理論並結合本研究結果，提出了衍生式計畫行為理論，拓展了計畫行為理論的邊界條件，強調行為決策是由人的自然屬性和社會屬性共同決定的，更加關注理論應用的情境性和適用性，對指導實證研究特別是強化因果關係論證具有啟發式意義。建議後續研究將過去行為經驗納入到衍生式計畫行為理論中，以提高意圖和行為的預測力和解釋力，並關注難以執行計畫的重要因素，以拓展衍生式計畫行為理論。

Introduction: Ajzen, the proponent of the Theory of Planned Behavior, emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of the moderating role of perceived behavioral control within this theory. Perceived behavioral control was increasingly recognized as a moderating variable in the Theory of Planned Behavior, paving the way for a new wave of development and innovation. However, consensus has not yet been reached regarding the rationale and importance of perceived behavioral control as a moderating variable, and thus the stability of its moderation effect requires further exploration. Therefore, it becomes imperative to delve into the moderating role of perceived behavioral control in the Theory of Planned Behavior, as it will significantly contribute to the theory’s evolution and breakthrough. Methods: In this study, we screened and selected 20 articles related to health behaviors. These articles collectively presented 29 datasets regarding health-related behaviors, with 25 datasets specifically focused on health-promoting behaviors and the remaining four on healthrisk behaviors, cumulatively accounting for 10,297 samples. The moderating role of perceived behavioral control in the Theory of Planned Behavior was rigorously examined using a meta-analytic structural equation model. Results: (1) perceived behavioral control has a positive moderating effect between attitude and intention (β= 0.084, p < .001, 95%CI [0.067, 0.100]); (2) perceived behavioral control does not have a moderating effect between subjective norms and intention (β= 0.014, p > .05, 95%CI [-0.002, 0.030]); (3) perceived behavioral control has a positive moderating effect between intention and behavior (β= 0.043, p < .001, 95%CI [0.023, 0.063]). Conclusion: Based on the previous version of the Theory of Planned Behavior and the findings of this study, we propose a Derived Theory of Planned Behavior, which extends the boundary conditions of the original theory, emphasizing that behavioral decision-making is jointly determined by individual natural and social attributes, and pays more attention to the situational and applicability aspects of the theory. This has heuristic significance for guiding future empirical research, especially in strengthening causal relationship demonstrations. We propose that future studies incorporate past behavioral experiences into the Derived Theory of Planned Behavior to advance the field. Doing so could significantly enhance the predictive power and interpretability concerning intentions and behaviors. Furthermore, it is vital to focus on identifying and understanding the key factors that pose challenges to executing plans, as this would further expand and enrich the scope of the Derived Theory of Planned Behavior.