應用塔羅技術融入阿德勒取向青少年人際困擾諮商之任務分析

Task Analysis of Tarot Skills Merged with Adlerian Theory and Applied to Teenager Interpersonal Problems

本研究透過對人際困擾的青少年進行塔羅技術融入阿德勒學派的諮商方式與歷程，採用任務分析的方法，探討此諮商歷程可能出現的要件，還有人際關係的狀態轉變，並建構出諮商的歷程模式，瞭解運用塔羅技術在諮商歷程中所代表的意義。本研究在桃園的國中找出三位願意參與研究的案主，諮商次數從六次到九次不等，以每次諮商過程的逐字稿與圖片進行分析。研究結果發現：一、應用塔羅技術融入阿德勒學派諮商可幫助案主克服人際困擾。二、藉由任務分析的方法，本諮商模式共形成九個要件與三個要件型組。三、要件一到要件九分別為：案主自選圖卡敘說生命故事以便分析生活型態；案主使用盲點牌組探索個人生命任務；家庭圖說―諮商師與案主共同探索家庭中的人際關係及對他人的因應模式；案主抽取牌卡並回憶幼年重要事件，與諮商師共同討論現今人際困擾成因；案主利用時間之流牌組，瞭解私有邏輯促進修正洞察；案主認清實際情形，以改善人際困境；案主可經由選擇牌組作行為改變的增強並注入希望；案主實際遭遇―人際體驗結果與調適；案主圓滿結局―人際關係再揚帆。四、三個要件型組別為：探索型組、定向型組和調適型組。五、研究者歸納分析出案主人際關係的轉變歷程，總共分為六個階段的改變歷程：「呈現人際困擾經驗」、「探索與評估可能原因」、「洞察過去領悟現狀」、「重新學習新的應對方法」、「現實環境的互動與調適」、「達成改變」。

We constructed a consultation pattern and applied it to teenager interpersonal problems by using tarot skills merged with Adlerian theory and research in a counselling sessions regarding events and changes in teenager interpersonal problems to clarify the significance of tarot skills through task analysis. This research included 3 clients who sought counselling approximately 6 ~ 9 times. We collected the tarot card pictures and recorded the dialogue of each counselling sessions to analyse a junior high school in Taoyuan City. The major findings of this study were: 1. using tarot skills merged with Adlerian theory helped clients overcome their interpersonal problems with classmates and enhanced their relationships; 2. the consultation pattern comprised 9 events and 3 event groups; 3. Events 1 to 9 included the following: (a) the client's selected card narrates the life story to analyse the lifestyle; (b) the client used a blind deck to explore individual life tasks; (c) the counselling psychologists explored family interpersonal relationships and those with other people according to the pattern; (d) the client extracted tarot cards and recalled childhood memories with counselling psychologists to discuss how interpersonal problems originated; (e) the client used the time desk clock to understand private logical promotion insights; (f) the client clearly recognised the actual situation and improved interpersonal conflicts; (g) the client may make behavioural changes according to the choice desk the enhancement and pours into the hope; (h) interpersonal experience results in adjustment; (i) interpersonal to grow up experience positive. The 3 categories included exploration, reorientation, and adjustment. We analysed the transformation processes of interpersonal relationships. The 6 stages included “the interpersonal problem experience,” “the exploration and appraisal of possible reasons,” “insights for comprehending the present situation,” “studying new approaches with the method,” “realistic environment interaction and adjustment,” and “achieving change.”